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Oral Cancer and Precancer of the Oral Mucosa : Histological Classification

Histological Classification of Cancer and Precancer of the Oral Mucosa
1. Carcinomas
  • Squamous cell carcinoma
  • Verrucous cell carcinoma
  • Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma
  • Adenoid squamous cell carcinoma
  • Spindle cell carcinoma
  • Adenosquamous carcinoma
  • Undifferentiated carcinoma
2. Benign lesions capable of microscopically resembling oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral verrucous carcinoma
  • Papillary hyperplasia
  • Granular cell tumor
  • Discoid lupus erythematosus
  • Median rhomboid glossitis
  • Keratoacanthoma
  • Necrotizing sialometaplasia
  • Juxtaoral organ of Chievitz
  • Chronic hyperplastic candidiasis
  • Verruciform xanthoma
  • Verruca vulgaris
  • Condyloma acuminatum
3. Precancerous lesions (Clinical classification)
  • Leukoplakia
  • Erythroplakia
  • Palatal keratosis associated with reverse smoking
4. Precancerous lesions (Histological classification)
  • Squamous epithelial dysplasia
  • Squamous cell carcinoma in situ
  • Solar keratosis
5. Benign lesions capable of resembling oral precancerous lesions
  • White lesions resembling leukoplakia
  • red lesions resembling erythroplakia
  • Focal epithelial hyperplasia
  • Reactive and regenerative atypia
6. Precancerous conditions
  • Sideropenic dysphagia
  • Lichen planus
  • Oral submucous fibrosis
  • Syphilis
  • Discoid lupus erythematosus
  • Xeroderma pigmentosum
  • Epidermolysis bullosa