Dentosphere : World of Dentistry

An abscess is a cavity filled with pus and lined by a pyogenic membrane. There are three varieties of abscess : Pyogenic abscess (commonest) Pyaemic abscess Cold abscess Sometimes, the abscess cavity persists, which becomes firm and contains sterile pus. The firmness is due to thickness of its wall. This is known as 'antibioma'. This is due to continuous administration of antibiotics. The lump may even be hard, when it may mimic a carcinomatous lump. Basic principle of treatment of an abscess is: to drain the pus to send the pus for culture and sensitivity test, and to give proper antibiotic Drainage of a pus can be obtained by free incision or by Hilton's method. Hilton's method is chosen when there are plenty of important structures like nerves and vessels around the abscess cavity, which are liable to be injured.  Incision should be made parallel to important structures like nerves and vessels, while the muscle should be incised along the line o...

Anatomy 2016 1. Draw a well-labeled diagram of the transverse section of midbrain at the level of the superior colliculus. 5 2. Write down the blood supply of internal capsule with suitable diagram. 5 3. Mention the blood vessels forming the Circle of Willis along with a diagram. 5 4. Name the lobes of the cerebral cortex. Name the functional areas & the functions related to any one lobe of the cerebral cortex.  5 5. Write a short note on: 2x5=10 a. Medial Medullary Syndrome b. Nuclei of thalamus 2015 1. Draw a well-labeled diagram of T.S. of midbrain at the level of the superior colliculus. 5 2. Draw a well-labeled diagram of T.S. of spinal cord showing ascending and descending tracts. 5 3. Draw a labeled histological diagram of cerebrum.5 4. Mention nuclei of thalamus with suitable diagram. 5 5. Draw a labeled diagram of Circle of Willis. 5 6. Draw a labeled diagram of the floor of the fourth ventricle. 5 2014 1. Draw a labeled diagram of blood supply ...

A man found a cocoon of a butterfly. One day a small opening appeared, he sat and watched the butterfly for several hours as it struggled to force its body through that little hole. Then it seemed to stop making any progress. It appeared as if it had gotten as far as it could and it could go no further. Then the man decided to help the butterfly, so he took a pair of scissors and snipped off the remaining bit of the cocoon. The butterfly then emerged easily. But it had a swollen body and small, shriveled wings. The man continued to watch the butterfly because he expected that, at any moment, the wings would enlarge and expand to be able to support the body, which would contract in time. Neither happened! In fact, the butterfly spent the rest of its life crawling around with a swollen body and shriveled wings. It never was able to fly. What the man in his kindness and haste did not understand was that the restricting cocoon and the struggle required for the butterfly to get thr...

Weakness to Strength There was once a 10 year old boy who decided to study judo despite the fact that he had lost his left arm in a devastating car accident. The boy began lessons with an old Japanese judo master. The boy was doing well, so he couldn’t understand why, after three months of training, the master had taught him only one move. “Sensei,” the boy finally said, “shouldn’t I be learning more moves?” “This is the only move you know, but this is the only move you’ll ever need to know,” the sensei replied. Not quite understanding, but believing in his teacher, the boy kept training. Several months later, the sensei took the boy to his first tournament. Surprising himself, the boy easily won his first two matches. The third match proved to be more difficult, but after some time, his opponent became impatient and charged; the boy deftly used his one move to win the match. Still amazed by his success, the boy was now in the finals. This time, his opponent was bigger, str...

Gas gangrene is a rapid spreading infective gangrene of the muscles characterized by collection of gas in the muscles and subcutaneous tissue. It is also called "Clostridial myonecrosis". Gas Gangrene is most likely to develop in wounds where there has been extensive laceration or devitalization of muscle mass with gross contamination of the wound by soil and other foreign bodies. Clostridial organisms can be divided into two groups - namely Saccharolytic and Proteolytic. Of the Saccharolytic group of anaerobes, Clostridium perfringes (Cl. welchii) plays the main part in gas gangrene.  Other organisms that cause gas gangrene are Clostridium oedematiens, Clostridium septicum, Clostridium histolyticum, and Clostridium bifermentans.  Two important factors necessary for the formation of gas gangrene include : Entry of Clostridial organisms, particularly Clostridium perfringes (Cl. welchii), and  Anaerobic conditions within the wound Diabetes and other occ...

Gastric lavage, also commonly called stomach pumping or gastric irrigation, is the process of cleaning out the contents of the stomach. It has been used for over 200 years as a means of eliminating poisons from the stomach.  Gastric lavage involves the passage of a tube (such as an  Ewald tube ) via the mouth or nose down into the stomach followed by sequential administration and removal of small volumes of liquid. - Useful within three hours after ingestion of the poison PROCEDURE FOR GASTRIC LAVAGE A stomach tube (Ewald's tube or Boa's tube) or ordinary, soft, noncollapsible  rubber tube of length 1.5 meter and diameter 1 cm with a glass funnel attached on one end and a mark at 50 cm from the other end (which should be rounded with lateral openings) is used Denture must be removed and mouth gag should be placed Patient should be in left lateral position or head hanging over the edge of the bed and face supported by assistant . The end is lubricated with oli...

# What is Ranula ? A. Retention cyst of sublingual gland B. Retention cyst of submandibular gland C. Extravasation cyst of sublingual glands D. Extravasation cyst of submandibular glands # The parotid duct is known as: A. Wharton's duct B. Stenson's duct C. Duct of Santorini D. Duct of Wirsung # Nerve, which lies in association to Wharton's duct is: A. Hypoglossal B. Lingual C. Facial D. Spinal Accessory # During parotid surgery, injury to the nerve, which results in Frey's syndrome is : A. Auriculotemporal nerve B. Great auricular nerve C. Mandibular nerve D. Buccal nerve # The nerve sacrificed in parotid surgery is: A. Auriculotemporal B. Facial C. Buccal D. Cervicofacial # In a 3 year old child, which of the following is the most common cyst located in the midline of the neck ? A. Thyroglossal cyst B. Bronchial cyst C. Lymphangiocele D. Cystic Hygroma # Chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis refers to: ...

  Click HERE to view all our MCQ Topics. # Which is the most common cause of hypothyroidism ? A. Multinodular goitre B. Lymphoma of thyroid C. Autoimmune thyroiditis D. Reidel's thyroiditis # The treatment of anaplastic carcinoma of thyroid is : A. Total thyroidectomy B. Palliative radiotherapy C. Radioactive idoine D. Tracheostomy # The histopathologic feature of medullary carcinoma of thyroid is : A. Anaplasia B. Mitotic figures C. Psammoma bodies D. Amyloid stroma # The most common level of thyroglossal cyst is : A. Lingual B. Infra-lingual C. Supra-hyoid D. Infra-hyoid # All the following are seen in thyrotoxicosis except: A. Tremor B. Increased temperature C. Slow pulse rate D. Exophthalmos # The cyst that moves by protruding the tongue is: A. Thyroglossal cyst B. Median rhomboid cyst C. Ranula D. Tracheal cyst ...

A good dentist should have keen knowledge and expertise to make an accurate diagnosis based on the radiographical image of various conditions. It is often said that "The eyes do not see what the brain doesn't know." That is absolutely correct. We must have a good knowledge about the condition, its clinical presentations and radiological appearance in our mind to make an accurate diagnosis. Common lesions which show multilocular radiolucency are: Ameloblastoma Odontogenic keratocyst Odontogenic Myxoma Central Giant Cell Granuloma Central Hemangioma Aneurysmal bone cyst Cherubism 1. Ameloblastoma - Soap bubble or honeycombed appearance - Most common in 3rd molar- ramus area - Notching is seen in advancing end of tumor - Root resorption and displacement of adjacent teeth is seen - Rarely causes perforation 2. Odontogenic Keratocyst - Soap bubble appearance - No expansion of cortical plates, because the lesion grows anteroposteriorly 3. Odontogenic my...

  Click HERE to view all our MCQ Topics. # Bregma is the name given to the junction of the : A. Coronal and sagittal sutures B. Frontal bone with the nasal bone C. Lambdoid and sagittal sutures D. Two parietal bones # 'Pterion' is : A. is a point of articulation of four skull bones B. is a point where 'bregma' and 'lambda' meet C. it is the region of the anterolateral fontannele merge D. lies deep to the zygomatic arch # Lateral part of middle cranial fossa and posterior cranial fossa are divided by : A. Petrous temporal bone B. Crista galli C. Transverse groove D. Sphenoid bone # The maxilla articulates with all of the following bones, except one. Identify the exception. A. Frontal B. Zygomatic C. Palatine D. Temporal # Highest point on skull : A. Pterion B. Pogonion C. Lambda D. Vertex # Which of the following structures is not present on the internal surface of the mandible ? A. Genial Tuberc...