Dentosphere : World of Dentistry

#MCQ 13:  Which of the following is the best treatment plan to control rampant caries (many proximal caries that undermine enamel) ? A. Restore all teeth with amalgam as soon as possible B. Prescribe high fluoride tooth paste, give oral hygiene instruction, and wait until effectiveness has been appraised C. Restore all teeth with crowns D. Remove caries and place glass ionomer restorations then complete the treatment plan after the vitality of the teeth has been established Answer: D. Remove caries and place glass ionomer restorations then complete the treatment plan after the vitality of the teeth has been established Rampant caries control protocols suggest that caries should be removed and glass ionomer cement restorations should be placed until the true pulp status can be assessed. Removing the caries allows the clinician to see if caries have extended to the pulp cavity. Placing glass ionomer restorations allows for the affected dentin to be remineralized. CLIC...

Click which level curriculum Would you like to view. #8th Level #9th Level #11th Level

PART I  Part - II

PART - I PART II

This is the Curriculum Prescribed by Lok Sewa Aayog Nepal, for the Exam of Nepal Health Service, 8th Level Dentistry. CLICK HERE TO DOWNLOAD THE PDF OF THE CURRICULUM FOR FUTURE REFERENCE

The steps involved in the Planning Process are: 1. Identifying the Problem 2. Determining Priorities 3. Development of Program goals, objectives, and activities 4. Resources Identification 5. Constraints Identification 6. Alternative Strategies 7. Developing Implementation Strategies 8. Implementation 9. Monitoring 10. Evaluation These steps can be memorized with the help of an expression mnemonics - @  Identifying Determined Girl/Guy Requires Conscious Strategies Implementing IME ( Ingenuity, Morality and Emotions) Identifying - 1. Identifying the Problem Determined - 2. Determining Priorities Girl /Guy - 3. Development of Program goals, objectives, and activities Requires - 4. Re sources Identification Conscious - 5. Cons traints Identification Strategies - 6. Alternative Strategies Implementing - 7. Developing Implementation Strategies I - 8. I mplementation M - 9. M onitoring E -10. E valuation

#MCQ 12 - Which of the following tooth has the highest endodontic failure rate? A. Maxillary First Molar B. Maxillary First Premolar C. Mandibular First Molar D. Mandibular Second Premolar Answer: A. Maxillary First Molar The pulp chamber of the maxillary first molar is the largest in the dental arch. The maxillary first molars are three rooted, two buccal and one palatal. The tooth usually has four root canals, the additional canal being located in the mesiobuccal root. The pulp chamber floor has a quadrilateral shape, although it is sometimes described as triangular.  All the canal orifices lie mesial to the oblique ridge which makes it possible to preserve it (oblique ridge) during access preparation. CLICK HERE TO VIEW  ALL MCQS

#MCQ 11 - Regarding Electric Pulp Test (EPT) for tooth vitality assessment, all of the following statements are true EXCEPT: A. The objective is to stimulate a pulpal response by subjecting the tooth to an increasing degree of electric current B. Any restorations in the tooth or the adjacent gingival tissue should not be contacted with the electrolyte or the electrode C. The test is always performed on the tooth in question prior to testing on a control tooth D. Gloves should not be worn while performing EPT because it may cause false negative responses Answer: C. The test is always performed on the tooth in question prior to testing on a control tooth This statement is a false statement because, the test is always performed on a control tooth first, and then only on the tooth in question. EPT checks the sensibility of a tooth by stimulating nerve endings with a low current and high potential difference in voltage. Although manufacturers of this device give normal reference...

#MCQ 10 - In Orthodontics, Porcelain brackets have better esthetics as compared to stainless steel brackets. However, a major disadvantage is: A. Stains over time B. Require special debonding agents C. Removing is difficult and causes enamel cracks D. Channel microfraction while debonding Answer: Removing is difficult and causes enamel cracks "Ceramic brackets are more difficult to debond than steel brackets, and wing fractures may occur easily during debracketing." - Graber Drawbacks of Ceramic Brackets: 1.  The frictional resistance between orthodontic wire and ceramic brackets is greater and less predictable than it is with steel brackets. This unpredictability makes determining optimal force levels and anchorage control difficult. Ceramic brackets with a steel slot insert to reduce friction are therefore more reliable for clinical purposes. 2. Ceramic brackets are not as durable as steel brackets and are brittle by nature. These brackets may brea...

#MCQ 9 - Treatment of Ludwig's Angina due to pericoronitis with respect to lower third molar : A. Incision and Drainage, antibiotics and removal of third molar B. Intubation prior to surgery C. Incision and drainage, removal of third molar, antibiotics D. Tracheostomy should be done before any treatment Answer: D.  Tracheostomy should be done before any treatment The dramatic reduction in the mortality of Ludwig's angina from 54% to 10% in only 3 years, afforded by Williams and Guralnick, was made possible by their changed surgical policy of immediate establishment of airway security by early intubation or tracheostomy, followed by aggressive and early surgical intervention. This dramatic reduction in mortality from 54 to 10 percent was not due to the first use of penicillin in the treatment of these infections. Reference: Peterson's Principles of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 3rd Edition, Page 841 CLICK HERE TO VIEW  ALL MCQS

#MCQ 8 - A dental surgeon has recovered from Hepatitis B after a three months rest. His Laboratory Findings are Normal but he is not allowed to attend to the patients as per the medical board because he is: A. Healthy carrier B. Active carrier C. Convalescent carrier D. Paradoxical carrier Answer: C. Convalescent carrier A carrier is a person who harbors the pathogenic microorganism without suffering from any ill effect because of it. Healthy Carrier - One who harbors the pathogen but has never suffered from the disease caused by the pathogen Convalescent carrier - One who has recovered from the disease and continue to harbor the pathogen in the body Temporary carrier - This state lasts less than 6 months Chronic carrier - This state lasts for several years and even rest of the life in some cases Contact carrier - One who acquires pathogen from a patient Paradoxical carrier - One who acquires pathogen from other carrier CLICK HERE TO VIEW  ALL MCQS

Toothache is a lifetime experience for someone who has experienced the pain of acute pulpitis. Be it sharp, acute, transient pain for seconds or some dull aching, continuous vauge pain in the facial region, tooth pain is really intolerable to ignore. Getting rid of the toothache is the only  thing the sufferer thinks of at the time because, foods look painful, all parties are meaningless if you cannot eat anything, even water ! The type of pain you have is very important to know the condition you might be suffering with. For example, continuous pain that lasts for minutes to hours even after removal of an offending stimulus ( cold, heat, air or some acidic foods) or spontaneous pain without any stimulus often represents irreversible pulpitis, which mandates that you should have a root canal treatment rather than a simple tooth filling. The tooth may seem perfectly fine from outside but there may be a large decay between two teeth which can be seen only on radiographs. Or, your te...

# MCQ 7 # Which of the following tests for tooth vitality assessment has the highest diagnostic accuracy? A. Electric Pulp Test B. Heat Test C. Cold Test D. Anesthetic Test Answer: C. Cold Test The diagnostic accuracy of cold test is 86%, the heat test is 71 % and Electric pulp test is 81%. So, a combination of cold test followed by Electric Pulp Test (EPT) is recommended in a clinical setting. Anesthetic test is done only in patients who are in pain at the time of the test and other tests have failed to identify the tooth causing pain. Reference: Grossman's Endodontic Practice, 13th Edition, Page 72 CLICK HERE TO VIEW  ALL MCQS

# Maximum use of Computers in the field of Dentistry is in the field of: A. Periodontology B. Prosthodontics C. Community Dentistry D. Operative Dentistry Answer: C. Community Dentistry Other branches of dentistry may optionally use computers, but Community Dentistry uses computers extensively for data analysis, storage, transfer and presentation. CLICK HERE TO VIEW  ALL MCQS

# First Water Fluoridation was done in: A. Sweden B. Canada C. Michigan (USA) D. California Answer: C. Michigan (USA) To test the hypothesis that adding fluoride would prevent cavities, Dean and his colleagues conducted a controlled experiment by fluoridating the water in Grand Rapids, Michigan, starting 25 January 1945. The results, published in 1950, showed significant reduction of cavities. CLICK HERE TO VIEW  ALL MCQS

According to Contemporary Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 6th Edition, the PRINCIPLES OF THERAPY OF ODONTOGENIC INFECTIONS are: Principle 1: Determine Severity of Infection Principle 2: Evaluate State of Patient’s Host Defense Mechanisms Compromised Host Defense States: Uncontrolled Metabolic Diseases • Poorly controlled diabetes • Alcoholism • Malnutrition • End-stage renal disease Immune System–Suppressing Diseases • Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome • Lymphomas and leukemias • Other malignancies • Congenital and acquired immunologic diseases Immunosuppressive Therapies • Cancer chemotherapy • Corticosteroids • Organ transplantation Principle 3: Determine Whether Patient Should Be Treated by General Dentist or Oral-Maxillofacial Surgeon Criteria for Referral to an Oral-Maxillofacial Surgeon • Difficulty breathing • Difficulty swallowing • Dehydration • Moderate to severe trismus (interincisal opening less than 20 mm) • Swelling ext...

Most Common Causes of Some Conditions: 1. The most common cause of adrenal insufficiency is chronic therapeutic corticosteroid administration (secondary adrenal insufficiency). 2. The most common cause of a transient loss of consciousness in the dental office is vasovagal syncope. 3. During normal development, the lower third molar begins in a horizontal angulation, and as the tooth develops and the jaw grows, the angulation changes from horizontal to mesioangular to vertical. Failure of rotation from the mesioangular to the vertical direction is the most common cause of lower third molars becoming impacted . 4. A complication that every dentist believes can never happen—but happens surprisingly often—is extraction of the wrong tooth . This is usually the most common cause of malpractice lawsuits against dentists . 5. The most common cause of delayed wound healing is infection . Infections are a rare complication after routine dental extraction and are primarily seen af...

# Which of the following materials cannot be used as a base under composite restorations? A. Zinc Phosphate B. Zinc Polycarboxylate C. Zinc Oxide Eugenol D. Glass Ionomer Cement Answer: C. Zinc Oxide Eugenol. Reason: Residual free eugenol interferes with the proper setting of resin-based composites or resin cements. Therefore, various types of carboxylic acids have been used to replace eugenol and produce a ZOE-like material. These products are called zinc oxide-non eugenol cements. Reference: Phillip's Science of Dental Materials, 12th Edition, Page No. 331 CLICK HERE TO VIEW  ALL MCQS

# Which of the following materials could be used for cementing a bridge as well as restoring a cervical lesion? A. Glass Ionomer cement B. Zinc Polycarboxylate C. Zinc Phosphate D. Zinc Oxide Eugenol Answer: Correct Answer is: A. Glass Ionomer Cement Only glass ionomer is used as a cement (luting agent) and a permanent restorative material. Glass ionomer cement is often used for root surface carious lesions because of the potential advantage of fluoride release in helping to control the spread of caries. CLICK HERE TO VIEW  ALL MCQS

# Gutta Percha is plasticized / softened by: A. Alcohol B. Chloroform C. Eugenol D. EDTA Ans: Reference: Grossman's Endodontic Practice, 13th Edition Page no. 366 Correct answer is B. Chloroform Gutta Percha can be plasticized by chemical solvents such as Chloroform, Eucalyptol, or xylol  which enables the gutta percha to flow into small and curved wavy canals.  CLICK HERE TO VIEW  ALL MCQS

# The Largest Component of Gutta Percha Cones is: A. Gutta Percha B. Zinc Oxide C. Resins and Waxes D. Coloring Agents

Most Dentists and Dental Students assume that dental extraction is a relatively easy procedure which takes less time to perform and they need not charge much for extractions because all you need is few milliliters of Local anesthetic, a pair of gloves and some reusable instruments which need to be autoclaved. So, in the fear that their competitor could charge less for the dental extraction and acquire more customers because we all have realized that Nepal, India, and Asia in general, is a price-sensitive economy, dentists prefer to charge less than they actually should have charged for dental extractions. Non - Asian dental patients are price sensitive too because dental treatment is something the general public has envisioned as a costly treatment. But, it is to be noted that  Dentists  in Asia are actually charging very less for dental extractions as well as other dental treatments and they should charge many times higher for the treatment than they are currently charging. ...