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MCQs on Oral Histology : Dental Pulp


# Which of the following structure is not found in a living pulp ?
A. Collagen fibers
B. Haversian fibers
C. Non myelinated nerve fibers
D. Reticulum

# The dental pulp contains nerve endings / receptors for:
A. Pain
B. Pressure
C. Proprioception
D. Temperature

# The dental pulp is derived from :
A. Dental papilla
B. Dental Sac
C. Odontoblasts
D. Stellate reticulum

# Pulp responds to all stimuli by pain because it has only:
A. Free nerve endings
B. Krause end bulbs
C. Pacinian corpuscle
D. Ruffini corpuscle

# All of the following are true about functions of dental pulp EXCEPT:
A. Formation of dentin
B. Nerve supply to dentin
C. Sends impulse to CNS
D. Nerve supply to enamel through fibers

# Odontoblasts are derived from :
A. Undifferentiated mesenchymal cells
B. Histocytes
C. Macrophages
D. Lymphocytes

# The primary function of the dental pulp is:
A. Nutritive
B. Production of dentin
C. Production of enamel
D. Vascular supply to the teeth

# The radicular pulp is continuous with tissues of the periapical area via the :
A. Pulp canal
B. Pulp chamber
C. Mental foramen
D. Apical foramen

# Weil's zone of pulp is :
A. Cell degenerated zone
B. Cell rich zone
C. Cell regenerated zone
D. Cell free zone

# The cells of the dental pulp which are responsible for the deposition of reparative dentin are:
A. Osteoblasts
B. Odontoblasts
C. Ameloblasts
D. Osteocytes


# Histologically, the dental pulp most closely resembles:
A. Nerve tissue
B. Vascular tissue
C. Granulation tissue
D. Loose connective tissue

# Pericytes are found:
A. In thymus
B. Around capillaries of pulp
C. In gall bladder
D. Along with Heparin on surface of mast cells

# The odontoblasts killed during cavity preparation are derived from :
A. Unaffected odontoblasts from the pulp
B. Undifferentiated cells
C. Histocytes
D. Osteoblasts

# Proprioceptors are seen in all EXCEPT:
A. Skeletal muscle
B. TMJ
C. Pulp
D. None of the above

# Cells occurring in greatest number in pulp are :
A. Cementoblasts
B. Fibroblasts
C. Osteoblasts
D. Ameloblasts

# Pulp tissue contains all except:
A. Fibroblast
B. Capillary
C. Collagen
D. Cell rests of Malassez

# The cell free zone in pulp lies:
A. Above odontoblast
B. Below odontoblast
C. In radicular pulp
D. In pulp horn

# Aging process affects pulp tissue by:
A. Decreasing the size and shape of pulp tissue and cellular component
B. Increase cellular component at the expense of fibrous componenet
C. Increases vascularity of the pulp
D. Decreases the calcific component of the pulp

# The number of pulp organs in a person is :
A. 32
B. 20
C. 52
D. 62

# The total volume of all permanent pulp organ is:
A. 0.38 cc
B. 0.58 cc
C. 0.02 cc
D. 3.8 cc

# The size of apical foramen of maxillary teeth in adult is:
A. 0.4 mm
B. 0.3 mm
C. 0.2 mm
D. 0.7 mm

# The second most prominent cells in the pulp are:
A. Fibroblasts
B. Defense cells
C. Odontoblasts
D. Histocytes or resting wandering cell


# The fibroblasts associated with capillaries are:
A. Plasma cell
B. Histocytes
C. Lymphocytes
D. Pericytes

# Which of the following is true ?
A. Pulpal pressure is highest among body tissues
B. Majority of nerve that enter the pulp are non myelinated and are sympathetic in nature
C. Plexus of Rashkow or parietal layer of nerves is formed by network of peripheral axons located adjacent to cell rich zone
D. All of the above

# The average life time of primary pulp in oral cavity is:
A. 8.3 years
B. 5 years
C. 7 years
D. 2 and half years

# Regressive changes in pulp include :
A. Increased fibrotic component
B. Decreased cellular component
C. Calcification in blood vessels near apical foramen
D. All of the above

# Which of the following is not correct ?
A. Free denticles are entirely surrounded by pulp tissue (free of dentin)
B. Embedded denticles are entirely surrounded by dentin (embedded in dentin)
C. Attached denticles are partly fused with dentin
D. False denticles contain many dentinal tubules

# The development of pulp begins :
A. 6th week of IU
B. 8th week of IU
C. 10th week of IU
D. 18th week of IU

# Size of pulp chamber :
A. Increases with age
B. Decreases with age
C. Increases in some cases and decreases in some cases
D. None of the above

# Protein secreted by odontoblast :
A. Chitin
B. Keratin
C. Collagen
D. Elastin

# The primary response of the pulp to tissue destruction is :
A. Necrosis
B. Ulceration
C. Calcific degeneration
D. Inflammation

# Unmyelinated nerve fibers of pulp are:
A. Sensory in nature
B. Respond to hot and cold
C. Carry pain sensation
D. Associated with blood vessels and are sympathetic in nature

# Vitality of pulp depends upon:
A. Blood supply
B. Nerve supply
C. Lymphatic supply
D. All of the above

# Dystrophic calcification is seen most commonly in which of the following oral tissues?
A. Enamel
B. Pulp
C. Dentin
D. Periodontal ligament

# The Plexus of Rashkow is present in which of the following zones in the pulp ?
A. Cell free zone
B. Cell rich zone
C. Odontoblastic zone
D. Pulp core

# The diameter of the largest arterial vessels in the pulp range from:
A. 50-100 miocrometers
B. 101-150 micrometers
C. 151-200 micrometers
D. 201-250 micrometers

# Pain originate in dental pulp due to :
A. Free nerve ending in cell rich zone
B. Free nerve ending at sub odontoblastic layer
C. Krause bulb at the center of the pulp
D. Meissner's corpuscles at cell rich zone

# The pulp stem cells are :
A. Pluripotent in nature
B. Totipotent in nature
C. Multipotent in nature
D. None of the above


Dental MCQs - Multiple Choice Questions in Dentistry


*** AIIMS May 2011


# DENTAL MATERIALS

*** Restorative Resins


# GENERAL ANATOMY


#GENERAL PATHOLOGY


# PHYSIOLOGY

# ORAL ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY


*** Growth and Development

# ORTHODONTICS



# PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRY
*** Epidemiology
*** Biostatistics


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Different Types of Pathological Calcification

Q. Discuss the types of calcification.

The mineralisation of body tissues with calcium is a normal physiological process in tissues like bones and teeth, termed as physiological calcification. However, sometimes the visceral tissues and other soft tissues may also get calcified in many diseased states, which is called pathological calcification. In addition to the calcium salts, smaller amounts of iron, magnesium and other minerals may also be deposited.

Pathological calcification can be broadly classified into two types: Dystrophic Calcification and Metastatic Calcification.

Dystrophic calcification: When the deposition takes place in dead or dying tissues, then it is termed as dystrophic calcification. The serum calcium levels are normal and the calcium metabolism is not deranged. Though hypercalcemia is not a prerequisite for dystrophic calcification, hypercalcemia can exacerbate it. It is seen in areas of tissue necrosis of any type. It is almost always present in the atheromas of advanced atherosclerosis, associated with intimal injury in the aorta and large arteries and characterized by the accumulation of lipids. Sometimes dystrophic calcification may also indicate organ dysfunction, e.g. calcification can develop in damaged heart valves, resulting in severely compromised valve motion. Pathogenesis involves initiation and propagation where crystalline calcium phosphate is formed as the final product.


Metastatic Calcification: Due to hypercalcemia, metastatic calcification may occur in normal tissues.

 The causes of hypercalcemia may be:
- increased secretion of parathyroid hormone (due to either primary parathyroid tumors or production of parathyroid hormone–related protein by other malignant tumors)
- destruction of bone (e.g. Paget's disease, Myeloma, Leukemia, etc.)
- Vitamin D - related disorders and sarcoidosis
- renal failure, in which phosphate retention leads to secondary hyperparathyroidism

Metastatic calcification can occur widely throughout the body but principally affects the interstitial tissues of the vasculature, kidneys, lungs, and gastric mucosa.

Necrosis Vs Apoptosis

Q. Mention differences between necrosis and apoptosis.

Ans : Though both necrosis and apoptosis are events of cell death, they do differ in various ways. The differences can be observed under following parameters :

a) Cell Size
The cell is enlarged (swelling) in necrosis whereas the cell is reduced (shrinkage) in apoptosis.

b) Fate of Nucleus
In necrosis, nucleus undergoes series of changes like pyknosis ( irreversible condensation of chromatin in the nucleus of a cell ) , karyorrhexis (fragmentation of nucleus) and karyolysis (complete dissolution of the chromatin of a dying cell due to the enzymatic degradation). But, in Apoptosis, nucleus undergoes fragmentation into nucleosome size fragments

c) Plasma Membrane
The plasma membrane is disrupted and is full of leakages in case of necrosis but, it is intact in cells undergoing apoptosis. Only the orientation of lipids in plasma membrane is altered in apoptosis.

d) Cellular contents
Due to ruptured plasma membrane, cellular contents undergo digestion and may leak out of the cell in necrosis. But, the cellular contents are intact in case of apoptosis. However, they may be released in apoptotic bodies.

e) Adjacent inflammation
There is no any adjacent inflammation seen in apoptosis whereas adjacent inflammation can be seen in necrosis.

f) Physiologic or pathologic role
Apoptosis is often physiologic but necrosis is always pathologic.

Necrosis : Definition, Types and Examples

Q. Define Necrosis. Enlist its types with an example of each.

Ans: Necrosis is the type of cell death that is associated with loss of membrane integrity and leakage of cellular contents culminating in dissolution of cells, largely resulting from the degradative action of enzymes on lethally injured cells.

Types of Necrosis:
i) Coagulative Necrosis
- underlying tissue architecture is preserved,

- affected tissues take on a firm texture

- characteristic of infarcts in all of the solid organs except the brain

ii) Liquefactive Necrosis
- seen in focal bacterial or fungal (occasionally) infections

- the dead cells are digested completely, transforming the tissue into a liquid viscous mass

- seen often in hypoxic death of cells within CNS

iii) Caseous Necrosis (Caseous = Cheese like)
- Encountered most often in foci of tubercular infection

- friable yellow white appearance of the necrotic region

- area of caseous necrosis is often enclosed within a distinctive inflammatory border; this appearance is characteristic of a focus of inflammation known as a granuloma


iv) Fat Necrosis
- focal areas of fat destruction

- seen in Acute Pancreatitis

- grossly visible chalky white areas can be seen

v) Fibrinoid Necrosis
- special form of necrosis visible by light microscopy

- usually in immune reactions in which complexes of antigens and antibodies are deposited in the walls of arteries.

- a bright pink and amorphous appearance on H&E preparations called fibrinoid (fibrin-like) by pathologists

- seen in  immunologically mediated diseases (e.g. polyarteritis nodosa)

vi) Gangrenous Necrosis
- mostly the affected organ has lost its blood supply and has undergone coagulative necrosis involving multiple tissue layers

- When bacterial infection is superimposed, coagulative necrosis is modified by the liquefactive action of the bacteria and the attracted leukocytes (resulting in so-called wet gangrene)

- e.g. necrosis of a limb (mostly lower)

World Oral Health Day - 20th March 2017 - Live Mouth Smart

Poster for Oral Health Awareness : World Oral Health Day 2017 , Designed By: Raman Dhungel, BPKIHS,Dharan, Nepal.
FDI World Dental Federation (Federation Dentaire Internationale), has decided to celebrate 20th March 2017 as the world oral health day with a theme "Live mouth Smart".

The first World Oral Health Day was celebrated on 20th March 2013 by FDI World Dental Federation. Since then, every year , on 20th March it is celebrated across the globe by organising various campaigns and programs to raise Oral health awareness.

The themes for World Oral Health Day till date are:
2013: Healthy Teeth for Healthy Life
2014: Brush for a Healthy Mouth!
2015: Smile For Life!
2016: It all Starts Here. Healthy Mouth. Healthy Body
2017: Live Mouth Smart.


Good oral health leads to good overall health.
Share the message of World Oral Health Day and spread Oral Health Awareness.

MCQs on Oral Histology - Dentin Part 5


# During the formation of primary teeth:
A. Enamel forms more cervically than dentin
B. Enamel forms faster than dentin
C. Dentin forms faster than enamel
D. Processes of their cells remain in content with each other

# Matrix vesicles :
A. Are found in mantle dentin
B. Contain collagen
C. Produce alkaline phosphatase
D. Inhibit mineralization

# Transmission of stimulus across dentin is:
A. Direct activation of nerve endings
B. Correlated with the innervation density of the dentin
C. Stimulus induced fluid flow
D. There is no transmission of stimulus across dentin

# During hydrodynamic theory movement of fluids in dentinal tubules cause:
A. Movement of odontoblasts
B. Touch the nerves of the pulp to cause pain
C. Minimum effect on odontoblast
D. Stimulation of odontoblastic process


# Which of the areas of the tooth is most sensitive during cavity preparation :
A. Enamel (anterior teeth)
B. Enamel (posterior teeth)
C. Dentin
D. Dentinoenamel junction

# Matrix vesicles play important role in the mineralization of :
A. Dentin
B. Enamel
C. Pulp
D. Periodontal ligament

# False statement regarding interglobular dentin is :
A. The term interglobular dentin refers to organic matrix that remains unmineralized because the mineralising globules fail to coalesce
B. This occurs most often in the circumpulpal dentin just below the mantle dentin
C. Where the pattern of mineralization is likely to be appositional than globular
D. Large areas of interglobular dentin is a characteristic feature of childhood hypophosphatasia

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