Dentosphere : World of Dentistry

 # A patient has hypoplasia, microdontia, hypodontia, multiple unerupted teeth, numbness in oral cavity, peripheral paresthesia. This is most likely due to: A. Hyperparathyroidism B. Hypoparathyroidism C. Hyperthyroidism D. Hypothyroidism The correct answer is: B. Hypoparathyroidism Explanation: Hypoparathyroidism can cause a range of dental and neurological symptoms, including: Dental manifestations : Hypoplasia, microdontia, hypodontia, delayed eruption, and multiple unerupted teeth are associated with impaired calcium metabolism. Neurological symptoms : Numbness in the oral cavity and peripheral paresthesia occur due to hypocalcemia, which leads to increased neuromuscular excitability. Other options explained: A. Hyperparathyroidism : May cause brown tumors, loss of lamina dura, and tooth mobility due to increased bone resorption, but not hypoplasia or unerupted teeth. C. Hyperthyroidism : Can lead to accelerated dental development but does not cause hypoplasia or hypodontia. D....

 # The most well recognized technique for orthodontic bonding to porcelain surfaces is: A. Traditional acid-etch technique with phosphoric acid. B. Chemical retention using 4-META coupling agent. C. Chemical and micro-mechanical retention using hydrofluoric acid and a silane coupling agent. D. Chemical retention using hydrofluoric acid only. The correct answer is C.  Chemical and micro-mechanical retention using hydrofluoric acid and a silane coupling agent Explanation: The most effective and well-recognized technique for bonding to porcelain involves etching the porcelain surface with hydrofluoric acid to create micro-mechanical retention, followed by the application of a silane coupling agent to enhance chemical adhesion. This combination ensures a strong bond between the orthodontic bracket and the porcelain surface. A : Phosphoric acid etching is effective for enamel but not adequate for porcelain bonding. B : 4-META is less commonly used for porcelain. D : Hydrofluoric ...

 # How many hours after appliance placement does orthodontic pain peak? A. 10 minutes. B. 1 hour. C. 24 hours. D. 48 hours. The correct answer is C. 24 hours. It is generally considered that orthodontic pain starts at around 2 hours after appliance placement, with some studies reporting that this is the case for between 91% and 97% of orthodontic patients. It then usually peaks at 24 hours before gradually subsiding over the next 5 to 7 days. Interestingly, it would seem that up to 25% of orthodontic patients report experiencing pain for longer than 7 days.

 # In pain pathways the smaller primary unmyelinated fibres are called:  A. A fibres.  B. B fibres.  C. C fibres.  D. D fibres. The correct answer is: C. C fibres Explanation: C fibres are small, unmyelinated nerve fibers that conduct pain signals slowly. They are primarily responsible for transmitting dull, burning, or aching pain (slow pain) and are involved in the prolonged, less localized pain sensation. A fibres: Include A-delta fibers, which are myelinated and transmit sharp, localized pain quickly (fast pain). B fibres: Small, myelinated fibers mainly involved in autonomic functions. D fibres: This category does not exist in standard nomenclature for nerve fibers.

 # A person with a long history of alcohol intake reports with acute alcohol intoxication. Which of the following enzymes is a marker of acute toxicity? A. AST B. ALT C. GGT D. Alkaline phosphatase The correct answer is: C. GGT (Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase) Explanation: Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) is a sensitive marker for alcohol consumption and acute alcohol toxicity. It is elevated in conditions involving liver damage, particularly from chronic alcohol use. While AST and ALT may also be elevated in liver damage, GGT is more specific for alcohol-related effects. Alkaline phosphatase is primarily associated with biliary obstruction or bone disorders.

 # A patient with pulp exposure has calcium hydroxide applied directly to the exposed pulp to preserve its vitality. What is this procedure called? A. Indirect pulp capping B. Partial pulpotomy C. Direct pulp capping D. Cvek pulpotomy The correct answer is: C. Direct pulp capping Direct pulp capping involves the application of a biocompatible material, such as calcium hydroxide, directly onto an exposed pulp to preserve its vitality and encourage the formation of reparative dentin.

 # A newly fabricated complete denture patient reports with the complaint of soreness of the muscles after wearing the denture for sometime. What could be the probable cause? A. Increased interocclusal space B. Decreased interocclusal space C. Excessive muscular force on the denture D. Repeated muscle trauma The correct answer is: B. Decreased interocclusal space Explanation: Soreness of the muscles after wearing newly fabricated complete dentures is often due to a decreased interocclusal space (or excessive occlusal vertical dimension). When the interocclusal space is inadequate: The denture teeth are set too far apart, increasing the vertical dimension of occlusion (VDO). This forces the muscles of mastication to remain overly contracted, leading to muscle fatigue and soreness over time. The patient may also experience difficulty closing their mouth comfortably or feel that the dentures are "too tall." Other options: A. Increased interocclusal space : Excessive interocclus...