Dentosphere : World of Dentistry

 # Sensory nerve supply to the base of the tongue: A. Facial nerve B. Trigeminal nerve C. Glossopharyngeal nerve D. Optic nerve The correct answer is C. Glossopharyngeal nerve. The hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) provides motor innervation to all of the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue except for the palatoglossus muscle, which is innervated by the vagus nerve (CN X). It runs superficial to the hyoglossus muscle. Lesions of the hypoglossal nerve cause deviation of the tongue to the ipsilateral (i.e., damaged) side. Taste to the anterior two-thirds of the tongue is achieved through innervation from the chorda tympani nerve, a branch of the facial nerve (CN VII). General sensation to the anterior two-thirds of the tongue is by innervation from the lingual nerve, a branch of the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V3). The lingual nerve is located deep and medial to the hyoglossus muscle and is associated with the submandibular ganglion. On the other hand, taste perc...

 # Sensory nerves supply to the body of the tongue: A. Optic nerve B. Trigeminal nerve C. Facial nerve D. Glossopharyngeal nerve The correct answer is B. Trigeminal nerve. The hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) provides motor innervation to all of the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue except for the palatoglossus muscle, which is innervated by the vagus nerve (CN X). It runs superficial to the hyoglossus muscle. Lesions of the hypoglossal nerve cause deviation of the tongue to the ipsilateral (i.e., damaged) side. Taste to the anterior two-thirds of the tongue is achieved through innervation from the chorda tympani nerve, a branch of the facial nerve (CN VII). General sensation to the anterior two-thirds of the tongue is by innervation from the lingual nerve, a branch of the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V3). The lingual nerve is located deep and medial to the hyoglossus muscle and is associated with the submandibular ganglion. On the other hand, taste perceptio...

 # Hypobranchial eminence is derived from: A. 1st arch  B. 2nd arch C. 3rd arch  D. 4th arch The correct answer is C. 3rd arch. During embryonic development, the pharyngeal arches play a crucial role in the formation of various structures in the head and neck region. The third pharyngeal arch gives rise to several important structures, including the hyoid bone, the posterior one-third of the tongue (base of the tongue), and the associated muscles and nerves. The hypobranchial eminence is a swelling within the third pharyngeal arch that contributes to the formation of the base of the tongue. It gives rise to the posterior part of the tongue, while the anterior part of the tongue is formed by the first pharyngeal arch. Therefore, the correct option is C. 3rd arch.

 # Development of coronoid process of mandible occurs at: A. 10-12 weeks  B. 12-16 weeks C. 10-14 weeks  D. 14-16 weeks The correct answer is C. 10-14 weeks. The development of the coronoid process of the mandible occurs during the embryonic period of gestation. Specifically, it takes place between 10 and 14 weeks of gestation. Therefore, the correct option is C. 10-14 weeks. During this time frame, the mandible undergoes various developmental processes, including the formation of the mandibular body, the ramus, and the coronoid process. The coronoid process is a bony prominence located on the anterior aspect of the ramus of the mandible. It serves as an attachment site for muscles involved in chewing and jaw movement. Options A and B (10-12 weeks and 12-16 weeks) and Option D (14-16 weeks) do not accurately represent the developmental period when the coronoid process of the mandible forms. The correct time frame is 10-14 weeks.

 # Posterior one third of the tongue or base is formed by: A. Two lingual swelling B. Hypobranchial eminence C. Copula D. Tuberculum impar The correct answer is B. Hypobranchial eminence. The hypobranchial eminence is a swelling in the embryonic development of the tongue that gives rise to the base of the tongue. It is located in the midline and forms the posterior part of the tongue. It develops from the third and fourth pharyngeal arches during embryonic development. The other options mentioned are not specifically related to the formation of the posterior one third of the tongue. A. Two lingual swellings: These refer to the anterior two-thirds of the tongue, which are formed by a pair of lingual swellings that merge during development. C. Copula: The copula is a structure in embryonic development that contributes to the formation of the posterior part of the tongue, but it does not specifically form the base of the tongue. D. Tuberculum impar: The tuberculum impar is a small med...

 # Second arch is also called: A. Hyoid arch  B. Mandibular arch C. Maxillary arch  D. Pharyngeal arch The correct answer is A. Hyoid arch.  The second arch in embryonic development is indeed referred to as the Hyoid arch. The hyoid arch, also known as the second pharyngeal arch, is one of the series of pharyngeal arches that contribute to the development of structures in the head and neck. The hyoid arch gives rise to important structures such as the lower part of the hyoid bone (a bone in the neck), the muscles of facial expression, muscles involved in swallowing, and certain muscles in the throat. Nerves and blood vessels associated with this arch also develop within it. Each pharyngeal arch has its specific developmental contributions and plays a role in the formation of different structures. The hyoid arch, or second arch, is significant in the development of various structures in the head and neck region during embryonic development.

 # First arch is also called: A. Hyoid arch  B. Mandibular arch C. Maxillary arch  D. Pharyngeal arch The correct answer is B. Mandibular arch. The first arch in embryonic development is often referred to as the Mandibular arch. During the early stages of embryonic development, several structures form in a series of arches known as pharyngeal arches. These arches play a crucial role in the development of the face and neck. The Mandibular arch, also known as the first pharyngeal arch, is the most anterior of the pharyngeal arches. It gives rise to various structures including the lower jaw (mandible), certain muscles of mastication (chewing), and some muscles of facial expression. The nerves and blood vessels associated with this arch also develop within it. Each pharyngeal arch has a specific set of components that contribute to the formation of different structures. In the case of the Mandibular arch, it primarily gives rise to the lower jaw, muscles involved in chewing,...

 # Bilaminar disc is formed during which period of embryonic events? A. 1st week B. 3rd week C. 2nd week D. 4th week The correct answer is C. 2nd Week.  The bilaminar disc is formed during the second week of embryonic development. This period is known as the second week because it follows the first week of embryonic development, which primarily involves the formation of the blastocyst. During the second week, the blastocyst undergoes implantation into the uterine wall, and the embryonic bilaminar disc forms. The bilaminar disc consists of two layers called the epiblast and the hypoblast, which are important for the subsequent development of the embryo.

 # During which period of human prenatal development does the congenital defects occur? A. Period of ovum B. Period of embryo C. Period of morula D. Period of fetus The correct answer is B. Period of embryo. Congenital defects can occur during the period of embryo development. This period typically spans from the third to the eighth week after fertilization. It is during this time that the major organs and body systems begin to form, making the embryo particularly susceptible to external factors that can interfere with normal development and result in congenital defects.

 # What are the three successive prenatal phases in human development? A. Period of ovum, embryo, morula B. Period of embryo, ovum, foetus C. Period of ovum, embryo, foetus D. Foetus, embryo, ovum The correct answer is. C.  Period of ovum, embryo, and foetus. The three successive prenatal phases in human development are: Period of Ovum: This phase begins with fertilization, where the sperm penetrates the egg to form a zygote. The zygote then undergoes rapid cell division through mitosis, forming a ball of cells called a blastocyst. Period of Embryo: During this phase, the blastocyst implants into the uterine wall and undergoes further development. The cells differentiate and specialize, forming the various tissues and organs of the developing embryo. This period generally extends from the third week to the eighth week of pregnancy. Period of Fetus: This phase starts after the eighth week of pregnancy and continues until birth. The developing organism is now called a fetus. Dur...

 # Who was the first surgeon to devise an obturator for the treatment of cleft palate? A. Paul Aegina  B. Ambrose Pare C. John Hunter  D. Norman Kingsley The correct answer is B. Ambrose Pare.  Ambrose Pare, a French surgeon in the 16th century, is credited with devising the first obturator for the treatment of cleft palate. An obturator is a prosthetic device used to close the gap in the roof of the mouth caused by a cleft palate, enabling improved speech and feeding for individuals with this condition. Ambrose Pare made significant contributions to the field of surgery and is considered one of the pioneers in the treatment of cleft palate.

 # Who was against the extraction of teeth for the achievement of stable results? A. Martin Dewey  B. Edward H. Angle C. Calvin Case  D. Lawrence Andrews The correct answer is B. Edward H. Angle. Edward H. Angle, often considered the father of modern orthodontics, was known for his strong opposition to the extraction of teeth for orthodontic treatment. He believed in the concept of "normal occlusion" and advocated non-extraction treatment approaches. Angle believed that proper alignment and positioning of the teeth could be achieved without tooth extraction, even in cases of crowding or irregularity. 

 Name of Dental Clinic: CHIRANJEEVI DENTAL CLINIC Address (Full): Boudha-6, Tusal (opposite to kfc) Year of Establishment: 2078 Name of the chief Dental Surgeon: DR ROJINA SHRESTHA CONTACT NUMBER: 9849105331 NMC Number of Dental Surgeon: 25557 CLICK HERE TO VIEW ALL DENTAL CLINICS OF NEPAL LISTED PROVINCE-WISE

Registered dentists play a crucial role in maintaining oral health and providing necessary dental care. They are trained professionals who undergo rigorous education and licensure processes to ensure their competence and adherence to ethical standards. However, like any profession, there is always a risk of a few individuals engaging in unethical practices or quackery. Quackery refers to the promotion of fraudulent or ineffective treatments by individuals falsely claiming to possess medical expertise. This essay explores the potential reasons why registered dentists may engage in quackery and the measures in place to prevent such practices. 1. Lack of Ethical Commitment: While the majority of registered dentists uphold high ethical standards, a small percentage may prioritize financial gain over patient well-being. The pressure to generate revenue or competition within the dental industry can tempt some dentists to offer unnecessary treatments or recommend unproven procedures for monet...

 When it comes to replacing missing teeth, several options are available, each with its advantages and considerations. Two popular solutions are fixed partial dentures (FPDs) and dental implants with prostheses. Both aim to restore oral functionality and improve aesthetics, but they differ in terms of technique, durability, and overall patient experience. This essay explores the characteristics of FPDs and dental implants with prostheses to help individuals make an informed decision regarding the better option for their specific dental needs. Fixed Partial Dentures (FPDs): Fixed partial dentures, commonly known as dental bridges, have been a traditional solution for tooth replacement. FPDs consist of artificial teeth (pontics) held in place by crowns on adjacent natural teeth. They can be made from various materials, including porcelain fused to metal, all-ceramic, or metal alloys. FPDs offer several advantages: Cost-Effective: FPDs are generally more cost-effective than dental imp...

 Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become an integral part of numerous industries, transforming the way we live and work. In recent years, AI has also made significant strides in the field of orthodontics, revolutionizing the practice of dental care. By harnessing the power of machine learning algorithms, AI is enhancing diagnostics, treatment planning, and overall patient care, leading to more efficient and personalized orthodontic interventions. This article explores the role of AI in orthodontics and the potential it holds for the future of dental healthcare. 1. Accurate Diagnosis and Treatment Planning: AI systems excel in data analysis, pattern recognition, and image processing, making them invaluable tools for orthodontic diagnosis. With the use of AI algorithms, orthodontists can analyze patient records, including X-rays, photographs, and 3D models, to identify malocclusions, dental irregularities, and other oral health issues more accurately and efficiently. This assists in ...

 Name of Dental Clinic: KPC Dental Clinic  Address (Full): Prasutimarga , Thapathali  Year of Establishment: 2023 Name of the chief Dental Surgeon: Dr. Benuja Bhandari  CONTACT NUMBER: 9860566058 NMC Number of Dental Surgeon: 30048 CLICK HERE TO VIEW ALL DENTAL CLINICS OF NEPAL LISTED PROVINCE-WISE

 Name of Dental Clinic: Nova Care Dental Clinic and Braces Center  Address (Full): Basundhara Chowk, Kathmandu  Year of Establishment: 2023 Name of the chief Dental Surgeon: Dr Deepak Chand  CONTACT NUMBER: 9868458666 NMC Number of Dental Surgeon: 17452 CLICK HERE TO VIEW ALL DENTAL CLINICS OF NEPAL LISTED PROVINCE-WISE

 Name of Dental Clinic: Dental Depot Address (Full): Nayabazar Road, Balaju, Kathmandu Year of Establishment: 2022 Name of the chief Dental Surgeon: Dr. Apexya Shrestha CONTACT NUMBER: 9840062569 NMC Number of Dental Surgeon: 24400 CLICK HERE TO VIEW ALL DENTAL CLINICS OF NEPAL LISTED PROVINCE-WISE

 Name of Dental Clinic: POPULAR  DENTAL Address (Full): URLABARI 7  BANK ROAD MORANG Year of Establishment: 2066 B.S. Name of the chief Dental Surgeon: DR. BISHWA RAJ KAFLE CONTACT NUMBER: 9852042522 NMC Number of Dental Surgeon: 6017 CLICK HERE TO VIEW ALL DENTAL CLINICS OF NEPAL LISTED PROVINCE-WISE

 Name of Dental Clinic: De Nova Dental Clinic Address (Full): Traffic Road Ghorahi Dang Year of Establishment: 2069 BS Name of the chief Dental Surgeon: Dr Chet Narayan Pandey CONTACT NUMBER: 9857847161 NMC Number of Dental Surgeon: 12516 CLICK HERE TO VIEW ALL DENTAL CLINICS OF NEPAL LISTED PROVINCE-WISE

 Name of Dental Clinic: Rb Diagnostic Dental Address (Full): Gyaneshwor, Kathmandu Year of Establishment: 2079 Name of the chief Dental Surgeon: Dr Hema Agrawal CONTACT NUMBER: 9804712120 NMC Number of Dental Surgeon: 13332 CLICK HERE TO VIEW ALL DENTAL CLINICS OF NEPAL LISTED PROVINCE-WISE

 Name of Dental Clinic: Budha MAI dental  Address (Full): Teku, Kathmandu Year of Establishment: 2078 Name of the chief Dental Surgeon: Dr Hema Agrawal CONTACT NUMBER: 9804712120 NMC Number of Dental Surgeon: 13332 CLICK HERE TO VIEW ALL DENTAL CLINICS OF NEPAL LISTED PROVINCE-WISE

 Name of Dental Clinic: Swargo Dental Clinic  Address (Full): Dhankuta, Sidhuwa  Year of Establishment: 2078 Name of the chief Dental Surgeon: Dr. Brijesh Shrestha  Dr. Rojeena Shrestha CONTACT NUMBER: 9852065157 NMC Number of Dental Surgeon: 27878 CLICK HERE TO VIEW ALL DENTAL CLINICS OF NEPAL LISTED PROVINCE-WISE

 Name of Dental Clinic: Awatar Dental Pvt. Ltd. Address (Full): Zeromile-7, Janakpur Year of Establishment: 2079-7-1 Name of the chief Dental Surgeon: Dr. Kundan Shekhar Sharma CONTACT NUMBER: 9821441567 NMC Number of Dental Surgeon: 13349 CLICK HERE TO VIEW ALL DENTAL CLINICS OF NEPAL LISTED PROVINCE-WISE

 Name of Dental Clinic: Dental Park  Address (Full): Boudha,Tusal  Year of Establishment: 2075 Name of the chief Dental Surgeon: Dr.Sofia Dahal  CONTACT NUMBER: 014584577 NMC Number of Dental Surgeon: 21225 CLICK HERE TO VIEW ALL DENTAL CLINICS OF NEPAL LISTED PROVINCE-WISE

 Name of Dental Clinic: Roadcess Dental Zone and Oral Care Clinic  Address (Full): Roadcess Chowk, Biratnagar -12 (opposite to NIC asia Bank) Year of Establishment: 2021 Name of the chief Dental Surgeon: Dr. Shekhar Kumar Mandal  CONTACT NUMBER: 9820700005 NMC Number of Dental Surgeon: 22985 CLICK HERE TO VIEW ALL DENTAL CLINICS OF NEPAL LISTED PROVINCE-WISE

 Name of Dental Clinic: Hakim Dental Clinic Address (Full): Kalaiya 05, Bara (Hospital road) Year of Establishment: 2078 Name of the chief Dental Surgeon: Dr. Irfan Reza CONTACT NUMBER: 9810306185 NMC Number of Dental Surgeon: 28957 CLICK HERE TO VIEW ALL DENTAL CLINICS OF NEPAL LISTED PROVINCE-WISE

 Name of Dental Clinic: Annapurna dental hub and root canal center Address (Full): Birendranagar surkhet, yari chowk, 1st floor, near tempo stand Year of Establishment: 2079 Name of the chief Dental Surgeon: Dr Purna Prasad Sharma CONTACT NUMBER: 083590786 NMC Number of Dental Surgeon: 16600 CLICK HERE TO VIEW ALL DENTAL CLINICS OF NEPAL LISTED PROVINCE-WISE

 Name of Dental Clinic: SS Dental Hub Address (Full): Newroad, Pokhara-09 Year of Establishment: 2077 Name of the chief Dental Surgeon: Dr. Sabhi Shrestha CONTACT NUMBER: 061584664 NMC Number of Dental Surgeon: 17222 CLICK HERE TO VIEW ALL DENTAL CLINICS OF NEPAL LISTED PROVINCE-WISE

 Name of Dental Clinic: Shree Krishna dental clinic  Address (Full) : Kalaiya Hospital road, near belpati mandir Year of Establishment: 2075 Name of the chief Dental Surgeon: Dr. Merina Biraji and Dr. Mukesh Kumar Yadav CONTACT NUMBER: 9803216868 NMC Number of Dental Surgeon: 25835 CLICK HERE TO VIEW ALL DENTAL CLINICS OF NEPAL LISTED PROVINCE-WISE

 Name of Dental Clinic: Kumaripati Dental Clinic Address (Full): Kumaripati-19, lalitpur  Year of Establishment: 2079 B.S. Name of the chief Dental Surgeon: Dr. Himal Dahal CONTACT NUMBER: 9840020501 NMC Number of Dental Surgeon: 27890 CLICK HERE TO VIEW ALL DENTAL CLINICS OF NEPAL LISTED PROVINCE-WISE

 Name of Dental Clinic: Muskan Dental Care Address (Full): Siddhartha Chowk, Biratnagar, Nepal Year of Establishment: 2019 Name of the chief Dental Surgeon: Dr.Shalini Bhakta CONTACT NUMBER: 9857011610 NMC Number of Dental Surgeon: 17260 CLICK HERE TO VIEW ALL DENTAL CLINICS OF NEPAL LISTED PROVINCE-WISE

 Dental quackery refers to the practice of providing dental services by unqualified or unlicensed individuals. This phenomenon is a growing concern in many parts of the world, including India, where it is a pervasive problem. Dental quackery poses significant risks to public health, including the spread of infectious diseases, the use of substandard materials and techniques, and the provision of unnecessary or harmful treatments. This essay will explore the causes of dental quackery, the challenges associated with addressing it, and possible solutions to this problem. One of the main causes of dental quackery is the lack of access to affordable and quality dental care. In many parts of the world, dental services are expensive, and many people cannot afford to pay for them. As a result, they may turn to unlicensed or unqualified individuals who offer cheaper services. These quacks may not have the proper training or equipment to provide safe and effective dental care, leading to sub...

 The Dental Council of India (DCI) is a statutory body that regulates dental education and practice in India. Its main responsibilities include setting standards for dental education, maintaining a register of qualified dentists, and regulating dental practice to ensure patient safety. However, despite its efforts, the DCI has struggled to stop dental quackery in India. There are several reasons why this is the case. Firstly, dental quackery is a widespread problem in India, and it is not limited to unlicensed practitioners. Even licensed dentists sometimes engage in unethical or illegal practices, such as overcharging patients, performing unnecessary treatments, or using substandard materials. The DCI has limited resources and cannot monitor every dental practice in the country, making it difficult to identify and punish quacks and unethical practitioners. Secondly, dental quackery often thrives in areas where there is a shortage of qualified dentists or where dental care is not e...

 Artificial intelligence (AI) has been rapidly advancing in recent years and has already made a significant impact on various industries, including healthcare. One of the areas where AI is expected to have a significant impact is dentistry. In this essay, we will discuss the rise of AI and its impact on dentistry. AI is a branch of computer science that involves the creation of intelligent machines that can perform tasks that would typically require human intelligence. In dentistry, AI has the potential to revolutionize the way dentists diagnose and treat patients, as well as improve the overall patient experience. One of the areas where AI is already being used in dentistry is diagnostic imaging. AI-powered imaging technologies can analyze X-rays and other diagnostic images to detect early signs of oral diseases such as tooth decay, gum disease, and oral cancer. This can help dentists make more accurate diagnoses and develop more effective treatment plans for their patients. Anoth...

Over-the-counter (OTC) teeth bleaching agents have become increasingly popular in recent years, thanks in part to the rising trend of at-home teeth whitening. However, while these products promise to whiten teeth quickly and easily, they can actually have harmful effects on both the teeth and the body. In this essay, we will explore the harmful effects of OTC teeth-bleaching agents. One of the primary harmful effects of OTC teeth bleaching agents is tooth sensitivity. Many of these products contain harsh chemicals such as hydrogen peroxide and carbamide peroxide, which can irritate the nerves in the teeth and cause pain and sensitivity. This sensitivity can be short-term or long-term, depending on the severity of the bleaching agent and the frequency of use. Another harmful effect of OTC teeth bleaching agents is gum irritation. The harsh chemicals in these products can also irritate the soft tissue of the gums, leading to redness, swelling, and bleeding. In severe cases, gum irritatio...

 # A patient with history of ankle edema, shortness of breath and orthopnea, is probably suffering from: A. Asthma B. Emphysema C. Cardiac decompensation D. Constrictive pericarditis The correct answer is C. Cardiac decompensation.  Ankle edema is a common sign of fluid accumulation in the body, which can occur in a variety of conditions. Shortness of breath and orthopnea, or difficulty breathing when lying down, can be indicative of heart failure or other cardiac issues. Asthma and emphysema are respiratory conditions that can also cause shortness of breath, but they do not typically present with ankle edema or orthopnea. Constrictive pericarditis is a rare condition characterized by inflammation and thickening of the pericardium, the sac surrounding the heart, which can cause heart failure-like symptoms, but it is less common than cardiac decompensation. Reference: Kasper DL, Fauci AS, Hauser SL, Longo DL, Jameson JL, Loscalzo J. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medici...

 # Not true about Hashimoto’s thyroiditis: A. Organ specific immune disorder B. Serum thyroid microsomal antibodies C. Male predominance D. Treatment is thyroxine The correct answer is C. Male predominance. Hashimoto's thyroiditis is an autoimmune disorder that affects the thyroid gland, resulting in inflammation and damage to the gland. It is characterized by the presence of serum thyroid microsomal antibodies, also known as thyroid peroxidase antibodies. It is an organ-specific immune disorder, meaning that it is specific to the thyroid gland. Hashimoto's thyroiditis is actually more common in females than in males, with a female-to-male ratio of approximately 10:1. The treatment for Hashimoto's thyroiditis is thyroxine replacement therapy, which can help to restore normal thyroid hormone levels and prevent the development of hypothyroidism. Reference: Kasper DL, Fauci AS, Hauser SL, Longo DL, Jameson JL, Loscalzo J. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 20th Ed...

 # Pulmonary surfactant is: A. Lecithin B. Dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline C. Dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl serine D. Sphingosine The correct answer is B. Dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline.  Pulmonary surfactant is a complex mixture of lipids and proteins that is produced in the lungs and helps to reduce surface tension in the alveoli during breathing. Dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline (DPPC) is the most abundant lipid in pulmonary surfactant and is the primary component responsible for its surface tension-lowering properties. Reference: Hall, J. E. (2016). Guyton and Hall textbook of medical physiology (13th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier. Chapter 44, Pulmonary Ventilation.

Orthodontics is a branch of dentistry that deals with the diagnosis, prevention, and correction of irregularities in the teeth and jaws. The main aim of orthodontics is to improve the appearance and functionality of the teeth, as well as the overall health of the patient. The history of orthodontics can be traced back to ancient times. The ancient Greeks, Romans, and Egyptians used various methods to straighten their teeth, such as gold wires and crude braces made of animal teeth. However, it wasn't until the 18th century that the first orthodontic textbooks were written and the field began to take shape. One of the most significant figures in the history of orthodontics was Edward Angle, who is often referred to as the "father of modern orthodontics." He developed the first classification system for malocclusions, or irregularities in the teeth and jaws, and introduced the use of braces and wires to correct them. Since then, orthodontics has continued to evolve, with adv...

 Orthodontics is a branch of dentistry that deals with the diagnosis, prevention, and correction of irregularities in the teeth and jaws. The main aim of orthodontics is to improve the appearance and functionality of the teeth, as well as the overall health of the patient. The history of orthodontics can be traced back to ancient times. The ancient Greeks, Romans, and Egyptians used various methods to straighten their teeth, such as gold wires and crude braces made of animal teeth. However, it wasn't until the 18th century that the first orthodontic textbooks were written and the field began to take shape. One of the most significant figures in the history of orthodontics was Edward Angle, who is often referred to as the "father of modern orthodontics." He developed the first classification system for malocclusions, or irregularities in the teeth and jaws, and introduced the use of braces and wires to correct them. Since then, orthodontics has continued to evolve, with ad...

Swallowing, or deglutition, is a complex process that involves several stages to move food or liquid from the mouth to the stomach. There are four stages of deglutition: the preparatory phase, the oral phase, the pharyngeal phase, and the esophageal phase. The first stage of deglutition is the preparatory phase. This phase occurs before the food or liquid enters the mouth and involves a sensory assessment of the food or beverage. We use our senses of taste, smell, and touch to determine the texture, temperature, and consistency of the food or liquid. The muscles of the lips, cheeks, and tongue work together to position the food or liquid in the mouth for the oral phase. The tongue forms a bolus, or a compact ball of food, by pressing the food or beverage against the hard palate, making it easier to swallow. The second stage of deglutition is the oral phase. This phase begins when the food or liquid enters the mouth. The tongue and cheek muscles work together to move the bolus toward th...

 Medicaid and Medicare are two distinct healthcare programs in the United States that provide assistance to eligible individuals. Medicaid is a needs-based program primarily designed to provide healthcare coverage for low-income families, while Medicare is an entitlement program that provides healthcare coverage to individuals aged 65 or older, as well as individuals with certain disabilities. One of the key differences between Medicaid and Medicare is the source of funding. Medicaid is jointly funded by the federal government and individual states, while Medicare is funded entirely by the federal government. The federal government sets minimum standards for Medicaid coverage, but individual states have the flexibility to set their own eligibility criteria, benefits, and reimbursement rates. Medicare, on the other hand, has a uniform set of benefits and eligibility criteria that are determined by the federal government. Another significant difference between Medicaid and Medicare i...

 Opening your own dental clinic can be an exciting and rewarding career move, but it requires careful planning and consideration of several factors. Here are some key factors to consider before opening your own dental clinic: Location: Choosing the right location for your dental clinic is crucial for success. You'll want to consider factors such as the demographics of the area, accessibility, visibility, and competition from other dental practices. Business Plan: Developing a solid business plan is essential for the success of your dental clinic. Your business plan should include financial projections, marketing strategies, and operational plans. Financing: Starting a dental clinic requires a significant investment in equipment, office space, and staff. You'll need to determine how much financing you need and where you will obtain the funds. Legal Requirements: You'll need to comply with various legal requirements, such as obtaining licenses and permits, registering your bu...

  Health insurance packages in many countries, including the United States, often do not include dental treatments or only offer limited coverage for dental care. There are several reasons for this, including the cost of dental care, the structure of dental care, and the history of dental care insurance. One of the primary reasons why dental care is not typically included in health insurance packages is the cost. Dental care can be expensive, and including it in health insurance packages would likely lead to higher premiums for policyholders. Additionally, dental care can require specialized equipment and expertise that is not typically found in general medical practices, which can make it more expensive to provide. Another factor that contributes to the lack of dental coverage in health insurance packages is the structure of dental care. Unlike many medical procedures, dental treatments often require multiple visits over an extended period of time. This can make it more difficult ...

 New York residents who are covered by Medicaid and are in need of dental care have a number of options to choose from when it comes to dental service providers that accept Medicaid. Here are 12 dental service providers in New York that accept Medicaid: Smile Direct Club - Smile Direct Club has multiple locations throughout New York that accept Medicaid. They offer general dentistry services, including routine cleanings, fillings, and extractions. Gentle Dental - Gentle Dental has multiple locations throughout New York that accept Medicaid. They offer a range of dental services including preventative care, restorative care, and oral surgery. Aspen Dental - Aspen Dental has multiple locations throughout New York that accept Medicaid. They offer a range of dental services including general dentistry, orthodontics, and oral surgery. Brighter Dental - Brighter Dental has multiple locations throughout New York that accept Medicaid. They offer general dentistry services, including routin...

 Florida residents who are covered by Medicaid and are in need of dental care have a number of options to choose from when it comes to dental service providers that accept Medicaid. Here are 12 dental service providers in Florida that accept Medicaid: Coast Dental - Coast Dental has multiple locations throughout Florida that accept Medicaid. They offer a range of dental services including preventative care, restorative care, and oral surgery. Great Expressions Dental Centers - Great Expressions Dental Centers has multiple locations throughout Florida that accept Medicaid. They offer a range of dental services including general dentistry, orthodontics, and oral surgery. Smile Design Dentistry - Smile Design Dentistry has multiple locations throughout Florida that accept Medicaid. They offer general dentistry services, including routine cleanings, fillings, and extractions. Affordable Dentures & Implants - Affordable Dentures & Implants has multiple locations throughout Flori...