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# Iron content in 3M Nickel based steel crowns is:

# Iron content in 3M Nickel based steel crowns is: (MAN -01)
a) 20%
b) 40%
c) 60%
d) 10%


The correct answer is D. 10 %.

Composition of stainless steel crowns:
Stainless steel (18-8) austentic type of alloy is used. Eg.: Rocky mountain and unitek.
Iron -                 87%
Chromium - 17%
Nickel -         12%
Carbon -          0.08 - 1.15%

Nickel base crowns. Eg.: Iconel 600 and 3M crowns
Iron                     -  10%
Chromium -    16%
Nickel - 72%
others - 2%

# A gingival wall is difficult to obtain in primary molar when it extends too far gingivally in class II cavities because: (MAN-97)

# A gingival wall is difficult to obtain in primary molar when it extends too far gingivally in class II cavities because: (MAN-97)
a) Facial pulp horn may be exposed
b) Inclination of cervical enamel rods occlusally
c) Of marked cervical constriction
d) Prime contact is broad and flat


The correct answer is C. of marked cervical constriction.

Gingivally the enamel rods have an occlusal direction in primary teeth so bevel is not required as there will be no unsupported enamel rods. It is difficult to obtain gingival wall when lesion extends too far gingivally in primary molar due to the presence of marked cervical constriction.

# Dose adjustment of all of the following drugs will be required in patient with severe liver cirrhosis EXCEPT:

# Dose adjustment of all of the  following drugs will be required in a patient with severe liver cirrhosis EXCEPT:
a) Lorazepam
b) Theophylline
c) Paracetamol
d) Metronidazole


The correct answer is A. Lorazepam.

PHARMACOKINETICS
Most of the BZDS are metabolized in the liver to produce active products (thus long duration of action). Active metabolites may result in cumulative effects. After metabolism, these are conjugated
and are excreted via kidney. Estazolam, lorazepam, oxazepam, temazepam and triazolam are directly conjugated without metabolism to active products. These drugs are thus short-acting and do not
accumulate on repeated administration. Further these drugs can be safely administered in liver failure and in elderly because these are conjugated directly without undergoing metabolism in the liver.
(Mnemonics: @ TO-LET; Short-acting drugs are Triazolam, Oxazepam, Lorazepam, Estazolam and Temazepam,). Compounds with shorter half life are favored in patients with sleep-onset insomnia whereas longer acting BZDS are favored in patients with day time anxiety.

Adverse effects
Benzodiazepines are much safer than barbiturates (less chances of respiratory depression and coma) and also have less abuse potential. However, these drugs can also impair learning and memory
Flunitrazepam is a tasteless BZD and is implicated as a date rape drug due to its propensity to cause dose dependent amnesic effects.

Benzodiazepine Antagonist
Flumazenil is the substance that acts as competitive antagonist at BZD receptor. It blocks the depressant action of benzodiazepine, zolpidem and zaleplon as well as the convulsant action of inverse agonist (like B-carotene).  It is administered i.v. for the treatment of BZD poisoning (specitie antidote) and can also be used to reverse BZD anaesthesia.

# Of the following local anesthetics, which has intrinsic vasoconstrictive action? (MAN -97)

# Of the following local anesthetics, which has intrinsic vasoconstrictive action? (MAN -97)
a) Cocaine
b) Procaine
c) Xylocaine
d) Bupivacaine


The correct answer is : A. Cocaine

All local anaesthetics except cocaine are synthetic compounds and they are vasodilating in nature. Cocaine is a natural local anaesthetic agent and causes local vasoconstriction.

 (Cocaine increases the vasoconstrictive action of adrenaline. If LA with adrenaline is given risk of death is more in cocaine abusers. So they are known as  'walking time bombs.'


Which of the following is the preferred local anesthetic technique for hemophilics? (MAN -01)

# Which of the following is the preferred local anesthetic technique for hemophilics? (MAN -01)
a) Nerve block
b) Supraperiosteal
c) Intraligamentary
d) Field block


The correct answer is C. Intraligamentary.
 In hemophilics to avoid complications,  Intraligamentary  (an intraosseous technique) method of local infiltration technique is preferred. In this technique, the solution is deposited in depth of gingival sulcus. The needle should be inserted apically into the bone until resistance is met.

# Which of the following may least be used as an abutment: (PGI -2K)

# Which of the following may least be used as an abutment: (PGI -2K)
a) Tooth with minimum crown
b) Tooth with short tapered crown and conical roots
c) Rotated and tipped tooth
d) Pulp treated tooth

The correct answer is: B. b) Tooth with short tapered crown and conical roots

# Epitheloid cells are seen in all of the following except (MAN -02):

# Epitheloid cells are seen in all of the following except (MAN -02):
a) Tuberculosis
b) Granulation tissue
c) Syphilis
d) Sarcoidosis



The correct answer is : B. Granulation Tissue

Epitheloid cells are a collection of modified macrophages present in granuloma. Granulomas occur in Tuberculosis, Leprosy, syphilis, Actinomycosis, Sarcoidosis, etc.