Dentosphere : World of Dentistry

 The Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ) and the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) are both used to assess treatment need. Which component of the IOTN is most directly correlated with the patient-reported concerns measured by the PIDAQ? A. The Treatment Complexity Index (TCI) B. The Aesthetic Component (AC) C. The Dental Health Component (DHC) D. The Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) Index  The correct answer is B. The Aesthetic Component (AC) The PIDAQ assesses patient-reported psychosocial impacts (e.g., psychological, social, and aesthetic self-consciousness) stemming from perceived dental aesthetics, making it a subjective, condition-specific OHRQoL tool. The IOTN's Aesthetic Component (AC) directly evaluates subjective aesthetic impairment via a 10-point visual scale of anterior teeth appearance (clinician-rated but perception-based), aligning closely with PIDAQ's focus on self-perceived concerns. Validation studies consistently use AC for c...

 # Based on current, high-level evidence, which occlusal feature has demonstrated the strongest, albeit weak, statistical association with an increased prevalence of pain-related Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD)? A. Anterior Open Bite B. Class II Division 2 Malocclusion C. Overjet greater or equal to 6 mm D. Posterior Unilateral Crossbite The correct answer is  D. Posterior Unilateral Crossbite High-level evidence from systematic reviews, such as the 2025 review by Alghamdi et al. in Frontiers in Neurology (analyzing 17 studies on children/adolescents), identifies posterior unilateral crossbite as having the strongest association with pain-related TMD signs/symptoms, including TMJ/muscle pain and tenderness. Pooled data show odds ratios (ORs) of 2.25–5.74 (95% CIs: 1.15–4.43 to 1.18–27.85; p<0.05 across studies like Pereira et al. 2009 and Perrotta et al. 2018), indicating a 2–6-fold increased risk, though with low GRADE certainty due to cross-sectional designs and hetero...

The primary mechanism by which severe mandibular incisor crowding is hypothesized to independently increase the risk of localized periodontal breakdown, beyond confounding factors like poor hygiene, is: A. Increased horizontal force application on the periodontium B. Increased localized tooth mobility secondary to reduced bone support C. Reduced access for optimal plaque control by the patient D. Development of fenestrations and dehiscences due to tooth displacement The correct answer is  D. Development of fenestrations and dehiscences due to tooth displacement Severe mandibular incisor crowding causes teeth to displace or rotate within the alveolar housing, violating bone constraints and leading to cortical plate resorption. This results in fenestrations (narrow bone defects exposing root surfaces) and dehiscences (wider marginal defects causing gingival recession and reduced bone support), increasing localized periodontal breakdown risk independently of plaque accumulation or hy...

Which of the following overjet thresholds has been most consistently supported by systematic reviews as the primary determinant for a clinically significant increase in the risk of maxillary incisor trauma in the mixed dentition? A. Overjet greater or equal to 1.5 mm  B. Overjet greater or equal to 6 mm  C. Overjet greater or equal to 3 mm D. Overjet greater or equal to 4.5 mm The correct answer is:  C. Overjet greater or equal to 3 mm Systematic reviews, including Nguyen et al. (1999) in the European Journal of Orthodontics , show that an overjet ≥3 mm approximately doubles the risk of maxillary incisor trauma in children, including mixed dentition, based on a meta-analysis of 11 studies (pooled OR ≈2.0). This threshold is consistently cited as the point where risk significantly increases, with ORs ranging from 1.94 to 5.19 in mixed dentition per Arraj et al. (2019) in Dental Traumatology (41 studies). Later reviews, like Pandis et al. (2022) in the British Dental Jour...

The spontaneous production of an electric current resulting from two dissimilar metals in the oral cavity is called: A. Nuclear reaction B. Galvanic action C. Precipitation reaction D. Thermodynamics The correct answer is  B. Galvanic action Galvanic action, also known as oral galvanism, occurs when two dissimilar metals in the oral cavity contact saliva (an electrolyte), forming a battery-like setup that generates a spontaneous electric current. This can cause symptoms like metallic taste, pain, or tissue irritation. Studies and dental resources confirm this electrochemical process is specific to bimetallic interactions in the mouth, distinguishing it from unrelated options: nuclear reactions (subatomic), precipitation (ion formation), and thermodynamics (energy principles).

 # Which of the following materials has been shown to stimulate reparative dentine formation most effectively when applied to the pulpal wall of a very deep cavity? A. Copalite varnish B. Calcium hydroxide preparation C. Zinc phosphate cement D. Anhydrous glass ionomer cement The correct answer is  B. Calcium hydroxide preparation Calcium hydroxide has been established as the gold standard for stimulating reparative dentin formation in deep cavities near the pulp. It promotes odontoblast differentiation and dentin bridge formation by releasing calcium ions, which enhance fibronectin expression and mineralization. Studies, including clinical reviews, show success rates of around 83% for indirect pulp capping with calcium hydroxide. In comparison: A. Copalite varnish : Acts as a protective liner to reduce irritation but does not induce reparative dentin. C. Zinc phosphate cement : Provides thermal insulation as a base but lacks bioactive properties for dentin stimulation. ...