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# Which of the following cephalometric parameters suggest skeletal class III malocclusion? 1. ANB is less than 0 degree 2. SNA= 84 degrees 3. SNB=82 degrees 4. Wit’s appraisal shows point A before point B 5. FMA is 40 degrees A. 2, 4 and 5 B. 1, 4 and 5 C. 3, 4 and 5 D. 1 and 3 # A patient presents with anterior crowding as a result of large size of teeth in comparison to the base of mandible. This will be classified as: A. Tertiary crowding B. Secondary crowding C. Third degree crowding D. Primary crowding # Which of the following cephalometric angles is primarily used to assess the anteroposterior position of the maxilla relative to the cranial base? A. FMA B. SNB C. ANB D. SNA # A patient with a skeletal Class II malocclusion typically exhibits which of the following characteristics? A. Prognathic mandible B. ANB angle greater than 4° C. Retrognathic maxilla D. Point B anterior to Point...

 # Which of the following cephalometric parameters suggest skeletal class III malocclusion? 1. ANB is less than 0 degree 2. SNA= 84 degrees 3. SNB=82 degrees 4. Wit’s appraisal shows point A before point B 5. FMA is 40 degrees (INICET 2025) A. 1, 4 and 5 B. 1 and 3 C. 2, 4 and 5 D. 3, 4 and 5 The correct answer is B. 1 and 3.  Explanation: 1. ANB is less than 0  degrees:  A negative ANB angle indicates that point B (mandible) is anterior to point A (maxilla), which is a classic sign of skeletal Class III malocclusion. 3. SNB= 82  d e g rees : While the average SNB is around 80 degrees, an SNB of 82 degrees indicates a more protrusive mandible relative to the cranial base, which is consistent with a Class III tendency (especially if SNA is normal or reduced). In contrast, SNA= 84  d e g rees (option 2) suggests a protrusive maxilla, which is typically seen in Class II, not Class III. 4. Wit’s appraisal shows point A before point B : This indicates...

 # A patient presents with anterior crowding as a result of large size of teeth in comparison to the base of mandible. This will be classified as: (AIIMS PG 2020) A. Primary Crowding B. Secondary Crowding C. Tertiary crowding D. Third degree crowding The correct answer is A. Primary Crowding. Explanation: Primary Crowding refers to crowding that arises due to a disproportion between the size of the teeth and the size of the jawbones. In this case, the patient has large teeth relative to a smaller mandible, leading to anterior crowding. This is often genetic in origin and present even before all permanent teeth have erupted. Secondary Crowding typically develops later, often due to factors like premature loss of primary teeth, leading to mesial migration of posterior teeth and a reduction in arch length for the erupting permanent teeth. Tertiary Crowding (also known as late adult crowding) usually occurs in late adolescence or early adulthood, often involving the lower anterior teet...

 # Anterior inclined plane (Catlan’s appliance) cannot be used in the following cases EXCEPT: A. Posterior open bite B. Class I with anterior flaring C. Severe class III with reverse overjet D. Anterior open bite The correct answer is A. Posterior open bite. The Catlan's appliance's mechanism of action involves disoccluding the posterior teeth, which is functionally similar to a posterior open bite. Therefore, an existing posterior open bite does not inherently prevent the appliance from being used to correct a co-existing anterior crossbite. The most common contraindications for Catlan's appliance are: Existing anterior open bite Periodontally compromised mandibular anterior teeth Cases where further proclination of maxillary anterior teeth is undesirable (e.g., severe anterior flaring if the goal is to reduce it). Severe skeletal discrepancies. Comparing the options: A. Posterior open bite: Not a direct contraindication for using Catlan's, but Catlan's doesn'...

  Salary Analysis of Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) Graduates and General Dentists Worldwide The Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) degree is a professional undergraduate program that prepares graduates to become licensed dentists, focusing on oral health, diagnosis, and treatment of dental conditions. General dentists, typically BDS graduates or those with equivalent qualifications like Doctor of Dental Surgery (DDS) or Doctor of Dental Medicine (DMD), form the backbone of dental care worldwide. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the salaries of BDS graduates and general dentists across various countries, highlighting average, top, and minimum salaries, and the factors influencing these earnings. Overview of BDS Graduates and General Dentists BDS graduates are trained to perform a wide range of dental procedures, including cleanings, fillings, extractions, and patient education on oral health. After completing their degree, they may work as general dentists in pr...