A. 2, 4 and 5
B. 1, 4 and 5
C. 3, 4 and 5
D. 1 and 3
# A patient presents with anterior crowding as a result of large size of teeth in comparison to the base of mandible. This will be classified as:
A. Tertiary crowding
B. Secondary crowding
C. Third degree crowding
D. Primary crowding
# Which of the following cephalometric angles is primarily used to assess the anteroposterior position of the maxilla relative to the cranial base?
A. FMA
B. SNB
C. ANB
D. SNA
# A patient with a skeletal Class II malocclusion typically exhibits which of the following characteristics?
A. Prognathic mandible
B. ANB angle greater than 4°
C. Retrognathic maxilla
D. Point B anterior to Point A on Wit's appraisal
# Which cephalometric parameter assesses the vertical relationship between the Frankfort Horizontal plane and the mandibular plane?
A. FMA
B. Y axis
C. Facial angle
D. SN-GoGn
# What is the normal average value for the SNA angle in a Caucasian population?
A. 86°
B. 78°
C. 82°
D. 90°
# A high FMA angle (e.g., 30° or more) is often associated with which facial growth pattern?
A. Anteroposterior growth pattern
B. Horizontal growth pattern
C. Vertical growth pattern
D. Neutral growth pattern
# Which of the following describes a normal skeletal Class I relationship according to cephalometric analysis?
A. Wit's appraisal with point B anterior to point A
B. ANB angle between 0° and 4°
C. ANB angle of 5°
D. SNA=80° and SNB=76°
# In Angle's classification, what is the key characteristic of a Class I molar relationship?
A. The distobuccal cusp of the maxillary first molar occludes with the mesiobuccal cusp of the mandibular first molar.
B. The mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first molar occludes with the buccal groove of the mandibular first molar.
C. The mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first molar occludes mesial to the buccal groove of the mandibular first molar.
D. The mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first molar occludes distal to the buccal groove of the mandibular first molar.
# Which cephalometric landmark is located at the deepest concavity on the anterior border of the maxilla, between the anterior nasal spine and prosthion?
A. Pogonion (Pog)
B. Point B (Supramentale)
C. Point A (Subspinale)
D. Nasion (N)
# A patient presents with an ANB angle of −2°. What does this typically suggest about their skeletal relationship?
A. Skeletal Class II
B. Skeletal Class I
C. Skeletal Class III
D. Deep bite tendency
# Which of the following cephalometric landmarks represents the most anterior point on the symphysis menti?
A. Menton (Me)
B. Point B (Supramentale)
C. Gnathion (Gn)
D. Pogonion (Pog)
# A patient with a high mandibular plane angle (e.g., FMA > 30°) is prone to which type of vertical discrepancy?
A. Posterior crossbite
B. Deep bite
C. Edge-to-edge bite
D. Open bite
# In Steiner's analysis, what does an SNB angle of 76° indicate?
A. Normal mandibular position
B. Mandibular retrognathism
C. Mandibular prognathism
D. Maxillary prognathism
# Which type of crowding is most likely to worsen during late adolescence due to continued mandibular growth and mesial drift?
A. Pathologic crowding
B. Primary crowding
C. Tertiary crowding
D. Secondary crowding
# In Ricketts' analysis, what does the E-line (Esthetic Plane) measure?
A. The relationship of the upper and lower incisors to the APo line.
B. The vertical height of the lower face.
C. The sagittal position of the maxilla to the cranial base.
D. The relationship of the lips to the nose and chin for soft tissue esthetics.
# An increased interincisal angle (greater than 130°) typically indicates:
A. Class II Div 1 malocclusion
B. Bimaxillary retrusion
C. Bimaxillary protrusion
D. Anterior open bite
# What is the primary purpose of Wit's appraisal in cephalometric analysis?
A. To determine the anteroposterior relationship of the jaws relative to the occlusal plane.
B. To measure the inclination of the incisors.
C. To assess soft tissue profile aesthetics.
D. To evaluate the vertical relationship of the jaws.
# A cephalometric finding of a markedly obtuse gonial angle (e.g., 135°) typically suggests:
A. Vertical growth pattern with a large posterior facial height
B. Vertical growth pattern with a relatively short ramus
C. Bradymandibular growth pattern
D. Prognathic mandible
# Which of the following describes a 'true' Class II skeletal malocclusion, as opposed to a 'dental' Class II?
A. Mesial occlusion of the mandibular first molar relative to the maxillary first molar.
B. A discrepancy in the anteroposterior relationship of the maxilla and mandible, typically with a protrusive maxilla and/or a retrognathic mandible.
C. An increased overjet with normal molar relationship.
D. Crossbite of a single anterior tooth.
# What is the significance of the 'Facial Axis' (Pt-Gn) in Ricketts' analysis?
A. It reflects the direction of facial growth.
B. It determines the severity of crowded teeth.
C. It measures the anteroposterior position of the maxilla.
D. It indicates the inclination of the upper incisors.
# In Tweed's diagnostic triangle, what does a very small FMA (Frankfort Mandibular Plane Angle) typically suggest?
A. A vertical growth pattern with an open bite tendency.
B. A horizontal growth pattern with a tendency for deep bite.
C. Increased maxillary protrusion.
D. A Class III skeletal pattern.
# The 'Y-axis' in cephalometrics, drawn from Sella to Gnathion, when measured to the Frankfort Horizontal plane, indicates:
A. Direction of facial growth
B. Mandibular prominence
C. Upper incisor proclination
D. Maxillary length
# What is the normal range for the ANB angle, indicating a skeletal Class I relationship?
A. Greater than 4°
B. Exactly 0°
C. Less than 0°
D. Between 0° and 4°
# Which cephalometric line is used to assess the anteroposterior position of the mandibular incisor?
A. Frankfort Horizontal line
B. SN line
C. Occlusal Plane
D. Mandibular Plane (MP)
# What is the significance of the 'effective maxillary length' (Co-A) and 'effective mandibular length' (Co-Gn) measurements in cephalometrics?
A. They assess the individual size of the maxilla and mandible, respectively.
B. They determine the dental arch length.
C. They measure the vertical height of the face.
D. They indicate the inclination of the occlusal plane.
# Which condition is characterized by a reverse overjet and often an anterior crossbite?
A. Class II Division 2 malocclusion
B. Class III malocclusion
C. Class II Division 1 malocclusion
D. Open bite
# A cephalometric tracing shows that the upper incisor is significantly proclined, leading to a small angle between U1 and SN. This is most characteristic of:
A. Skeletal Class I with bimaxillary retrusion
B. Class II Division 1 malocclusion
C. Class III malocclusion
D. Class II Division 2 malocclusion
# Which cephalometric landmark is located at the deepest point on the contour of the soft tissue chin?
A. Soft tissue Pogonion
B. Soft tissue Menton
C. Soft tissue Nasion
D. Soft tissue Submentale
# Which of the following cephalometric measurements is crucial for assessing vertical facial balance and harmony?
A. SNA angle
B. ANB angle
C. Upper anterior facial height to lower anterior facial height ratio (N-ANS:ANS-Me)
D. Interincisal angle
# A patient with a retrognathic maxilla and a normal mandible would likely present with which skeletal classification?
A. Skeletal Class III
B. Skeletal Class I bimaxillary protrusion
C. Skeletal Class II
D. Skeletal Class I
# Which cephalometric plane is used as a common reference for assessing soft tissue thickness?
A. Nasion-Pogonion Plane
B. Holdaway's H line
C. Frankfort Horizontal Plane
D. Sella-Nasion Plane
# In a patient with severe dental crowding, which of the following treatment options is most likely to be considered from a cephalometric perspective (assuming no skeletal discrepancy)?
A. Serial extraction
B. Chin cap therapy
C. Surgical jaw repositioning
D. Headgear therapy
# The 'SN-GoGn' angle measures the relationship between the cranial base and:
A. The maxillary plane
B. The nasion-menton distance
C. The mandibular plane
D. The functional occlusal plane
# A cephalometric finding of a deep symphysis menti (long vertical chin height) but normal anteroposterior projection is often associated with:
A. Class III malocclusion
B. Class II Div 1 malocclusion
C. Vertical facial excess
D. Horizontal growth pattern
# In a patient with a skeletal Class II malocclusion and a normal SNA, what is the most likely contributing factor?
A. Maxillary prognathism
B. Maxillary retrognathism
C. Mandibular retrognathism
D. Bimaxillary protrusion
# What is the primary significance of the 'Articulare' (Ar) landmark in cephalometrics?
A. It defines the most superior point of the sella turcica.
B. It is used in assessing mandibular ramus height and condylar growth.
C. It represents the most anterior point of the maxilla.
D. It defines the lowest point of the orbit.
# Which cephalometric measurement is commonly used to assess the proclination or retroclination of the lower incisor?
A. Interincisal angle
B. Nasolabial angle
C. L1 to MP angle (Mandibular Plane)
D. U1 to SN angle
# What is 'dental compensation' in the context of skeletal malocclusion?
A. Rapid maxillary expansion to correct a posterior crossbite.
B. The use of removable appliances to guide tooth eruption.
C. Surgical alteration of tooth positions to align with skeletal bases.
D. The natural tipping or movement of teeth to minimize the visual appearance of a skeletal discrepancy.
# A cephalometric finding of a significantly 'convex' facial profile is typically associated with:
A. Skeletal Class II malocclusion
B. Anterior open bite
C. Skeletal Class III malocclusion
D. Skeletal Class I malocclusion
# Which cephalometric angle directly assesses the inclination of the occlusal plane relative to the cranial base?
A. SN-GoGn angle
B. FMA
C. SN-Occlusal Plane angle
D. SNA angle
# What is the clinical significance of a patient having a 'long lower anterior facial height' as seen in cephalometrics?
A. Skeletal Class III malocclusion
B. Tendency for an open bite and vertical growth pattern
C. Increased risk of deep bite
D. Crowding in the mandibular anterior region
# Which cephalometric landmark is located at the most superior point of the external auditory meatus?
A. Porion (Po)
B. Orbitale (Or)
C. Nasion (N)
D. Sella (S)
# What does a negative value for Wit's appraisal indicate?
A. Class II skeletal relationship
B. Class III skeletal relationship
C. Open bite tendency
D. Class I skeletal relationship
# In a patient with a skeletal Class III malocclusion caused by maxillary retrognathism, which cephalometric angle would likely be reduced?
A. SNB angle
B. FMA
C. SNA angle
D. ANB angle
# What is the primary implication of a very small 'facial angle' (N-Pog to FH) in Downs' analysis?
A. Excessive vertical growth
B. Bimaxillary protrusion
C. Retrognathic face
D. Prognathic face
# Which of the following cephalometric lines or planes defines the anterior cranial base?
A. Occlusal plane
B. Mandibular plane
C. Frankfort Horizontal plane
D. Sella-Nasion plane
# In the analysis of soft tissue profile, what does a 'straighter' profile angle (e.g., glabella-subnasale-pogonion angle closer to 180°) typically suggest?
A. Increased vertical facial height
B. Skeletal Class II tendency
C. Balanced or orthognathic profile
D. Skeletal Class III tendency
# If the maxillary incisor (U1) is significantly retroclined (e.g., U1 to SN angle is very high), what might be a clinical consequence?
A. Open bite
B. Decreased overjet or anterior crossbite
C. Increased overjet
D. Posterior crossbite
# What is the primary role of the Gonion (Go) landmark in cephalometric analysis?
A. To represent the posterior angle of the mandible, crucial for mandibular plane determination.
B. To define the most anterior point of the maxilla.
C. To assess the position of the incisors.
D. To indicate the lowest point of the mandible.
# Which type of growth rotation is associated with an anterior open bite and a steep mandibular plane angle?
A. Anterior rotation
B. Transverse rotation
C. Posterior rotation
D. Neutral rotation
# In cases of true skeletal Class III malocclusion, what is the typical treatment approach for adults with severe discrepancies?
A. Extraction of all first premolars
B. Growth modification appliances only
C. Dental camouflage with removable appliances
D. Orthognathic surgery combined with orthodontics
# The 'effective length of the maxilla' is typically measured from:
A. Condylion to Point A (Co-A)
B. Anterior Nasal Spine to Posterior Nasal Spine (ANS-PNS)
C. Nasion to Point A (N-A)
D. Sella to Point A (S-A)
# Which of the following cephalometric features is characteristic of a bimaxillary protrusion?
A. Increased vertical facial height
B. Retroclined upper and lower incisors
C. Reduced SNA and SNB angles
D. Proclined upper and lower incisors with increased SNA and SNB angles
# What is the primary limitation of using only the ANB angle to diagnose a skeletal malocclusion?
A. It is influenced by the position and inclination of the Nasion (N) point.
B. It cannot distinguish between dental and skeletal issues.
C. It does not assess the vertical dimension.
D. It does not reflect incisor inclination.
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