PGCEE MDS 2022: Cherry-blossom appearance on a sialogram indicates:

 # Cherry-blossom appearance on a sialogram indicates:

a) Mucoepidermoid cell carcinoma

b) Acinar cell carcinoma

c) Sjogren's syndrome 

d) Pleomorphic adenoma

The correct answer is C. Sjogren's syndrome.

Sialographs of Sjogren's syndrome demonstrate punctuate, cavitary defects which produce a 'cherry blossom' or 'branchless fruit laden tree' effect.

PGCEE MDS 2022: Which of the following wires is the better choice if alignment is needed?

 # Which of the following wires is the better choice if alignment is needed?

a) Nitinol wire 

b) TMA wire

c) Elgiloy wire 

d) Stainless steel wire

The correct answer is A. Nitinol wire.

TMA wires or  beta titanium wires

• Used for space closure and finishing

 • Used for final adjustment in torquing

Nitinol 

• Used for initial alignment

PGCEE MDS 2022: Surgicel used as a hemostatic agent for post extraction bleeding is:

 # Surgicel used as a hemostatic agent for post extraction bleeding is: 

A. Commercially available thrombin

B. Russel viper's venom

C. Oxidised cellulose

D. Methyl cellulose

The correct answer is C. Oxidised cellulose.

Surgicel is a brand of absorbable hemostatic (blood-clotting) agents that are used during surgery to control bleeding. It is made from oxidized regenerated cellulose, a type of fiber derived from plants. Surgicel is used to stop bleeding from small blood vessels and is often used in conjunction with other methods of hemostasis, such as suture ligation and cauterization. It is commonly used during surgery to help control bleeding in areas that are difficult to access, such as the nose, throat, or inside the mouth. Surgicel is also used to help control bleeding in areas that are prone to bleeding, such as the liver or spleen.

In addition to its use as a hemostatic agent, Surgicel has also been used as a wound dressing to help promote healing and prevent infection. It is often used in conjunction with other wound dressings to provide additional absorbent capacity and absorb exudate (fluid produced by the wound). Surgicel is absorbed by the body over time and does not need to be removed. 

PGCEE MDS 2022: First order bends are:

 # First order bends are: 

a) Tipping bends. 

b) Torquing bends. 

c) In and out bends. 

d) Anchorage bends. 

The correct answer is C. In and out bends.

2nd order bends are Tipping bends while 3rd order bends are Torquing bends.

PGCEE MDS 2022: Papules, vesicles and macules all are seen in:

 # Papules, vesicles and macules all are seen in:

a) Measles 

b) Herpangina

c) Rubella 

d) Hand foot and mouth disease

The correct answer is D. Hand foot and mouth disease. 

Individuals with HFMD present with oral pain, often with accompanying fever and flu‐like symptoms (e.g., malaise, myalgia). As with herpangina, prodrome is usually absent. The oral ulcers resemble herpangina ulcers, but are more numerous. The location of the oral ulcers in HFMD also differs

from herpangina and they are located anterior to the faucial pillars, most commonly on the tongue, labial, and buccal mucosa. The hand lesions are located on the dorsum of the fingers, interdigital spaces, and palms. The foot lesions are typically on the dorsum of the toes, sole, heel, and lateral borders of the foot. In infants, toddlers, and preschool children, lesions may occur on the buttocks. The skin lesions may be macular, maculopapular, or vesicular. The skin vesicles contain a clear or turbid fluid surrounded by a halo of erythema. HFMD caused by enterovirus A71 and a novel coxsackievirus

A6 genotype are associated with more severe disease patterns (Enterovirus 71: CNS disease, heart failure; Coxsackievirus A6: wider distribution, longer duration).

Ref: Burket.

PGCEE MDS 2022: The host modulation therapy that may be used as adjunctive therapy for aggressive periodontitis is

 # The host modulation therapy that may be used as adjunctive therapy for aggressive periodontitis is:

a) Clindamycin

b) Metronidazole

c) Doxycycline

d) Ciprofloxacin

The correct answer is C. Doxycycline.

Host Modulatory Therapy (HMT) is a treatment concept that aims to reduce tissue destruction and stabilize or even regenerate the periodontium. Doxycycline hyclate is available as a 20mg capsule for use by patients twice daily. The mechanism of action is by suppression of the activity of collagenase, particularly that produced by PMNs. NSAIDs inhibit the formation of prostaglandins, including prostaglandin (PGE2). PGE2 is found to upregulate bone resorption by osteoclasts. Flurbiprofen, an NSAID, significantly inhibits radiographic alveolar bone loss compared to a placebo. A recent study suggested that concomitant administration of doxycycline and flurbiprofen may result in

enhancement of the anti collagenase effects of doxycycline. 

Subantimicrobial-dose doxycycline (SDD) may help to prevent the destruction of the periodontal attachment by controlling the activation of matrix metalloproteinases, primarily collagenase and gelatinase, from both infiltrating cells and resident cells of the periodontium, primarily the neutrophils.

PGCEE MDS 2022: Preventive and therapeutic measures for dealing with the periodontal problems during fixed appliance therapy

 # Which of the following are typical and acceptable preventive and therapeutic measures for dealing with the periodontal problems during fixed appliance therapy?

a) Elimination of gingivitis prior to placing orthodontic appliances

b) Home care instruction regarding the use of the toothbrush and water pik during orthodontic treatment

c) Megavitamin therapy

d) Scaling and curettage immediately after appliance removal

The correct answer is A. Elimination of gingivitis prior to placing orthodontic appliances

Maintaining oral hygiene becomes more challenging once the fixed orthodontic brackets are placed. Pre-existing gingivitis should be treated and eliminated before placing the brackets.