Scaling and root planing:

# Scaling and root planing:

 A. Prevent further loss of attachment in deep pockets

B. Most effective in reducing pocket depth than surgical means

C. More successful in posterior than anterior tooth

D. Same as curettage

 

The correct answer is A. Prevent further loss of attachment in deep pockets.

Of all clinical dental procedures, subgingival scaling and root planing in deep pockets are the most difficult and exacting skills to master. It has been argued that such proficiency in instrumentation cannot be attained, and therefore periodontal surgery is necessary to gain access to root surfaces. Others have argued that although proficiency is possible, it need not be developed because access to the roots can be gained more easily with surgery. However, without mastering subgingival scaling and root-planing skills, the clinician will be severely hampered and unable to treat adequately those patients for whom surgery is contraindicated.

Scaling and root planing alone are effective for reducing pocket depths, gaining increases in periodontal attachment levels, and decreasing inflammation levels (i.e., bleeding with probing). When scaling and root planing are combined with the subgingival placement of sustained-release vehicles, however, additional clinical benefits are possible, including the further reduction of pocket depths, additional gains in clinical attachment levels (e.g., 0.39 mm with minocycline gel), and further decreases in inflammation. Improvements in clinical attachment levels also occur with the chlorhexidine chip (0.16 mm) and doxycycline gel (0.34 mm). When systemic antibiotics are used as adjuncts to scaling and root

planing, the evidence indicates that some systemic antibiotics (e.g., metronidazole, tetracycline) provide additional improvements in attachment levels (0.35 mm for metronidazole; 0.40 mm for tetracycline)

when used as adjuncts to scaling and root planing. The use of anti-infective chemotherapeutic treatment adjuncts does not result in significant patient-centered adverse effects.

Reference: Carranza's Clinical Periodontology, 12th Edition, Page no: 524

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When the flaps are not in close apposition, following suturing technique is used:

 # When the flaps are not in close apposition, following suturing technique is used:

A. Direct or loop suture

B. Sling ligation

C. Anchor suture

D. Figure of 8 suture

The correct answer is D. Figure of 8 suture.

Interdental Ligation. Two types of interdental ligation can be used: the direct loop suture and the figure-eight suture. With the figure-eight suture, thread is placed between the two flaps. This suture is used when the flaps are not in close apposition as a result of apical flap position or nonscalloped incisions. This is simpler to perform than the direct ligation. The direct suture allows for a better closure of the interdental papilla. It should be performed when bone grafts are used or when close apposition of the scalloped incision is required.

Reference: Carranza's Clinical Periodontology, 12th Edition, Page no: 586 e1

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All the following cements possess anticariogenic properties, EXCEPT:

 # All the following cements  possess anticariogenic properties, EXCEPT:

A. Silicate

B. Glass ionomer

C. Silicophosphate

D. Zinc oxide eugenol

The correct answer is D. Zinc oxide eugenol.

Anticariogenic property of cements makes the enamel (fluorapatite) resistant to acid mediated decalcification. Silica-phosphate has the highest fluoride content followed by silicate and GIC. Polycarboxylate has least fluoride content. They release fluoride throughout the life of restoration but rate of release decreases over time.

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Tarnish generally occurs in the oral cavity due to:

 # Tarnish generally occurs in the oral cavity due to:

A. Formation of hard and soft deposits

B. Pigment producing bacteria

C. Formation of their oxides, sulphides or chlorides

D. All of the above

The correct answer is D. All of the above.

Tarnish: It is the surface discoloration or alteration of the surface finish or luster. It generally occurs due to formation calculus, plaque on the surface of the metal. It also occurs due to formation of oxides, sulfides or chlorides. Tarnish is the forerunner of corrosion.

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