In the anteroposterior bar major connector, the shape of the bars are:

  # In the anteroposterior bar major connector, the shape of the bars are:

A. Anterior bar – flat strap; posterior bar- half oval

B. Anterior bar – half pear shape; posterior bar- half pear shape

C. Anterior bar – half oval; posterior bar- flat strap

D. Anterior bar – flat strap; posterior bar- flat strap

The correct answer is A. Anterior bar – flat strap; posterior bar- half oval.

The anterior component is a flat strap located as far posteriorly as possible to avoid rugae coverage and tongue interference. The anterior border of this strap should be located just posterior to a rugae crest or in the valley between two crests. The posterior strap is thin, a minimum of 8 mm wide, and located

as far posteriorly as possible, yet entirely on the hard palate. It should be located at right angles to midline rather than diagonally.

Posterior palatal component: a strap of 22-gauge thickness, 8 to 10 mm wide (a half-oval form of approximately 6-gauge thickness and width) may also be used.

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The space maintainer which is contraindicated in a child suffering from subacute bacterial endocarditis is:

  # The space maintainer which is contraindicated in a child suffering from subacute bacterial endocarditis is:

A. Removable

B. Crown and loop

C. Band and loop

D. Distal shoe

The correct answer is D. Distal shoe.

A distal shoe space maintainer is indicated when the primary 2nd molar is lost before eruption of the permanent 1st molar. 

Distal shoe space maintainer is contraindicated in: 

• Patient with heart diseases 

• Patients with poor oral hygiene 

• Hemophilic patients 

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Middle concha of nose are a part of:

 # Middle concha of nose are a part of:

A. Nasal bone

B. Ethmoid

C. Vomer

D. Maxilla

The correct answer is B. Ethmoid.

The nasal conchae are curved bony projections directed downward and medially. 

The 3 conchae are:

 i) Inferior concha: It is an independent bone. 

ii) Middle concha: It is a projection from the medial surface of the ethmoidal labyrinth.

iii) Superior concha: It is also a projection from the medial surface of the ethmoidal labyrinth. This is the smallest concha situated just above the posterior part of middle concha. 

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Carboxylation reaction is related to:

 # Carboxylation reaction is related to:

A. Biotin

B. Vitamin B6

C. Vitamin C

D. Vitamin A

The correct answer is A. Biotin.

Biotin serves as a carrier of CO2 in carboxylation reactions. The reaction catalyzed by pyruvate carboxylase, converting pyruvate to oxaloacetate.

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