First to classify malocclusion on structural basis:

 # First to classify malocclusion on structural basis:

A. Salzmann

B. Kingsley

C. Angle

D. Katz

The correct answer is A. Salzmann.

Salzmann in 1950 was the first to classify malocclusion based on skeletal structures. 

• Skeletal Class I: These are purely dental malocclusions. The jaws are in harmony with one another. The profile is orthognathic. 

• Skeletal Class II: Subnormal and distal mandibular development in relation to maxilla 

• Skeletal Class III: Overgrowth of the mandible with a prognathic mandible. 

Indications of Hydroxyapatite coated implants over titanium or metal-surfaced implants include all of the following except

 # Indications of Hydroxyapatite coated implants over titanium or metal-surfaced implants include all of the following except?

A. The need for greater bone-implant interface contact area

B. The ability to place the implant in type I bone

C. Fresh extraction sites

D. Newly grafted sites

The correct answer is B. The ability to place the implant in type I bone. 

Indications of HA-coated implants over titanium- or metal-surfaced implants include: 

• Need of more contact area at bone-implant interface 

• Implant can be given in type IV bone 

• Implant can be given at fresh extraction sites 

• Implant can be given at newly grafted sites 

Surfactant is secreted by:

 # Surfactant is secreted by:

A. Pneumocyte I

B. Pneumocyte II

C. Goblet cells

D. Pulmonary vessels

The correct answer is B. Pneumocyte II.

Surfactant lowers the surface tension of the fluid lining of the alveoli and prevents the collapsing tendency of the lungs. It is a phospholipid. The absence of surfactant results in Hyaline membrane disease (or) respiratory distress syndrome. 

Scleroderma is associated with:

 # Scleroderma is associated with:

A. Parry Romberg Syndrome

B. Pierre Robin Syndrome

C. Gardner Syndrome

D. Peutz Jegher Syndrome

The correct answer is A. Parry Romberg Syndrome.

Hemifacial atrophy or Parry Romberg syndrome consists of slow progressive atrophy of soft tissues of essentially half the face, characterized by progressive wasting of subcutaneous fat, accompanied by atrophy of skin, cartilage, bone, and muscle. This syndrome is accompanied usually by contralateral Jacksonian epilepsy, trigeminal neuralgia, and changes in hair and eyes. It is also reported that hemifacial atrophy is a form of localized scleroderma which is supported by its concurrence with scleroderma.