Most common bone cancer:

# The most common bone cancer is (AlIMS 94, AIPG 99)
a) Osteosarcoma
b) Metastatic bone cancer
c) Multiple myeloma
d) Squamous cell carcinoma

The correct answer is: B. Metastatic bone cancer.

Metastatic cancers are most common cancers in bone. Multiple myeloma is the common primary bone tumor, whereas the common inherent bone cell tumor is osteogenic sarcoma or osteosarcoma.

Bifid ribs and Falx Cerebri Calcification

# Bifid ribs, multiple radiolucent lesions of the jaws, multiple basal cell nevi and falx ceribri calcification are found in (Man 98, 97)
a) Basal cell nevus syndrome
b) Sturge weber syndrome
c) Horner syndrome
d) Hereditary internal polyposis

The correct answer is A. Basal cell nevus syndrome.

Basal cell nevus syndrome is also called as Gorlin Goltz syndrome.

Horner's syndrome is characterized by miosis, ptosis and anhidrosis over face due to interruption of sudomotor and vasomotor control.

Hereditary intestinal polyposis is seen in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome.

Most aggresive odontogenic tumor

# Which of the following tumors is most aggressive? (AIPG 91, AIIMS2004)
a) Ameloblastoma
b) Odontoma
c) Odontogenic myxoma
d) Fibrocarcinoma

The answer is C. Odontogenic myxoma

ODONTOGENIC MYXOMAS

Aggressive, intraosseous neoplasms derived from embryonic odontogenic mesenchyme probably arise from the dental papilla or follicular mesenchyme. Nearly all lesions are found in the tooth bearing areas of maxillary and mandibular bone.

Mandibular lesions are commonly found in the premolar-molar area. The lesions often produce multilocular radiolucency with a "soap bubble' or "honey comb" appearance in the bone.

Thin and extremely delicate septa of bone are often seen to course through the radiolucent area and produce a "spider- web" like or "tennis racket" like appearance.

 (Ref: Shafer's Textbook of oral pathology 7h ed., p 299)

Type II Diabetes Causes

# Obesity, genetic profile, and aging all contribute to the development of Type II diabetes. Of the following, which is the most important additive factor for these three conditions in the development of Type II diabetes?

A. elevated hepatic ketogenesis
B. elevated pancreatic glucagon secretion
C. impaired renal clearance of glucose
D. muscle resistance to insulin

Answer: D - Muscle resistance to insulin is the most important additive factor for these three conditions in the development of Type II diabetes. The progressive loss of skeletal muscle sensitivity to insulin leads to increased rates of visceral cell lipolysis and pancreatic beta-cell compensation.