# Who among the following developed the first orthodontic appliance?
A. Pierre Fauchard
B. Norman Kingsley
C. Emerson C. Angell
D. Edward H. Angle
The correct answer is A. Pierre Fauchard.
Orthodontics truly began developing in the 18th and 19th centuries. In 1728, French dentist Pierre Fauchard, who is often credited with inventing modern orthodontics, published a book entitled "The Surgeon Dentist" on methods of straightening teeth. Fauchard, in his practice, used a device called a "Bandeau", a horseshoe-shaped piece of iron that helped expand the palate. In 1754, another French dentist, Louis Bourdet, dentist to the King of France, followed Fauchard's book with The Dentist's Art, which also dedicated a chapter to tooth alignment and application. He perfected the "Bandeau" and was the first dentist on record to recommend extraction of the premolar teeth to alleviate crowding and to improve jaw growth.
Pierre Fauchard, 'Father of modern dentistry', as early as 1723, developed first orthodontic appliance.
Norman Kingsley, the first to use extraoral force on teeth. He is also considered to be the first person to use orthopedic force to correct protruding teeth.
Bunon- first to use the term 'orthopedic appliances'
Emerson C. Angell - founder of 'rapid maxillary expansion'
William E. Magill - First person to band teeth for active tooth movement.
