Nikolsky’s sign is a feature of:

 # Nikolsky’s sign is a feature of:

A. Lichen planus

B. Pemphigus

C. Herpes simplex

D. Lupus erythematosus

The correct answer is B. Pemphigus.

Nikolsky’s sign: It was named after Pytor Vasilyenich Nikolsky who was the first to describe this finding. On applying gentle mechanical pressure (e.g. blowing air or applying pressure with a mirror handle) on affected tissue will result in the formation of a lesion. Nikolsky’s sign is seen both in the skin and oral mucosa. It is seen in pemphigus, paraneoplastic pemphigus, mucous membrane pemphigoid, epidermolysis bullosa, linear IgA bullous disease, lupus erythematosus, graft-versus-host disease and toxic epidermal necrolysis.

Ref: Textbook of Oral Medicine, Oral Diagnosis and Oral Radiology,Ongole and Praveen, 2nd Edition, Page no. 235

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All are risk factors EXCEPT:

 # All are risk factors EXCEPT:

A. Tobacco smoking

B. Microbial tooth deposit

C. Diabetes

D. Bleeding on probing

The correct answer is D. Bleeding on Probing.

Categories of Risk Elements for Periodontal Disease

Risk Factors

Tobacco smoking

Diabetes

Pathogenic bacteria

Microbial tooth deposits

Risk Determinants/Background Characteristics

Genetic factors

Age

Gender

Socioeconomic status

Stress

Risk Indicators

HIV/AIDS

Osteoporosis

Infrequent dental visits

Risk Markers/Predictors

Previous history of periodontal disease

Bleeding on probing

Ref: Carranza's Clinical Periodontology, 12th Edition, page 392

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Pain on swallowing or turning the head

 # The pain on swallowing or turning the head associated with elongated styloid process is known as:

A. Tic douloureux

B. Gorham syndrome

C. Costen syndrome

D. Eagle’s syndrome

The correct answer is D. Eagle's syndrome.

Eagle’s syndrome. This syndrome consists of either elongation of the styloid process or ossification of the stylohyoid ligament causing dysphagia, sore throat, otalgia, glossodynia, headache, vague orofacial pain or pain along the distribution of the internal and external carotid arteries. Probably the most consistent symptom is pharyngeal pain. It is common for the difficulty to arise following tonsillectomy, presumably from fibrous tissue that forms and is stretched and rubbed over the elongated styloid process.

Ref: Shafer's Textbook of Oral pathology, 7th Edition, Page no. 862

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Which of the following is also known as trench mouth?

 # Which of the following is also known as trench mouth?

A. Noma

B. ANUG

C. Herpes gingivostomatitis

D. Herpes zoster

The correct answer is B. ANUG

Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis frequently occurs in an epidemic pattern, sweeping through groups of

persons in close contact, especially those living under similar conditions. This was especially apparent during World War I, when the Allied troops suffered severely from the disease. It was here that the term ‘trench mouth’ originated, since the disease was especially prevalent among the troops in the trenches. Similar sporadic outbreaks also occurred during World War II.

Ref: Shafer's Textbook of Oral Pathology, 7th Edition, Page No. 396

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