Saliva plays a vital role in the:

 # Saliva plays a vital role in  the ________ of a complete denture.

A. Retention

B. Stability

C. Support

D. Esthetics

The correct answer is A. Retention.

Sufficient amount of saliva is necessary for the maintenance of oral health and comfort. In this respect,

saliva is particularly important in wearers of removable dentures to protect the oral mucosa from mechanical irritation and infections and to achieve retention in complete dentures. The normal unstimulated salivary flow rate is 0.38±0.21 ml/min. Impaired salivary secretion or xerostomia is likely, if the unstimulated flow rate is less than 0.12 ml/min. Of the whole unstimulated saliva, 40 percent is derived from the submandibular glands and 8 percent from mucosal glands. The normal stimulated salivary flow rate is less than 0.60 ml/min of the whole stimulated saliva and 50 to 65 percent is

derived from the parotid glands.

Reference: Textbook of Complete Denture PROSTHODONTICS, Page NO. 3

CLICK HERE FOR MORE MCQs

Rheumatoid arthritis in children is known as:

 # Rheumatoid arthritis in children is known as:

A. Still’s disease

B. Kamura’s disease

C. Hansen’s disease

D. Degenerative joint disease

The correct answer is A. Still's disease.

Inflammatory arthritis occurs rarely in children. Several distinct subtypes are recognised. Systemic

juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA; formerly known as Still’s disease) is a systemic disorder characterised by fever, rash, arthritis, hepatosplenomegaly and serositis in association with a raised ESR and CRP. Autoantibody tests are negative.

Reference: Davidson’s Principles and Practice of Medicine, 22nd Edition 2014, Page no: 1104

CLICK HERE FOR MORE MCQs

Diabetes insipidus occur due to lack of:

# Diabetes insipidus occur due to lack of:

A. Insulin

B. Antidiuretic hormone

C. ACTH

D. Thyroxin

The correct answer is B. Antidiuretic hormone.

The neurohypophysis， or posterior pituitary， is formed by axons that originate in large cell bodies in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus. It produces two hormones: ( 1 ) arginine

vasopressin (AVP)， also known as antidiuretic hormone， and (2) oxytocin. AVP acts on the renal tubulω to reduce water loss by con centrating the urine. Oxytocin stimulates postpartum milk letdown in response to suckling. A deficiency of AVP secretion or action causes diabetes insipidus (DI)，a syndrome characterized by the production of large amounts of dilute urine. Exιessive or inappropriate AVP production impairs urinary water excretion and predisposes to hyponatremia if water intake is not reduced in parallel with urine output.

Reference: Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 19th Edition, Page no: 2274

CLICK HERE FOR MORE MCQs

In jaundice there is an unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia which is most likely due to:

 # In jaundice there is an unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia which is most likely due to:

A. Hepatitis

B. Cirrhosis

C. Obstruction of bile in canaliculi

D. Increased breakdown of red cells

The correct answer is D. Increased breakdown of red cells.

Hemolysis Increased destruction of erythrocytes leads to increased bilirubin turnover and unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia; the hyperbilirubinemia is usually modest in the presence of normal liver function.

In particular，the bone marrow is only capable of a sustained eightfold increase in erythrocyte production in response to a hemoIytic stress. Therefore， hemolysis alone cannot result in a sustained hyperbilirubinemia of more than -68 μmol/L (4 mg/dL) . Higher values imply concomitant hepatic dysfunction. When hemolysis is the only abnormality in an otherwise healthy individual， the result is a purely unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia，with the direct-reacting fraction as measured in a typical clinical laboratory being less or equal to 15% of the total serum bilirubin.

Reference: Harrison's Principles of Internal MEDICINE, 19th Edition Page no: 2000

CLICK HERE FOR MORE MCQs