A patient with mitral valve replacement will require which of the following preoperatively

# A patient with mitral valve replacement  will require which of the following preoperatively?

A. Benzathine Penicillin

B. Tetracycline

C. Procaine penicillin

D. Vibramycin

 

The correct answer is A. Benzathine Penicillin.

Benzathine and procaine penicillins are formulated to delay absorption, resulting in prolonged blood and tissue concentrations. A single intramuscular injection of 1.2 million units of benzathine penicillin maintains serum levels above 0.02 mcg/mL for 10 days, sufficient to treat β-hemolytic streptococcal infection. After 3 weeks, levels still exceed 0.003 mcg/mL, which is enough to prevent β-hemolytic streptococcal infection. A 600,000 unit dose of procaine penicillin yields peak concentrations of 1–2 mcg/mL and clinically useful concentrations for 12–24 hours after a single intramuscular injection.

Reference: Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 13th Edition, Katzung, Page 773

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Petechial hemorrhage is characteristic of which of the following condition

 # Petechial hemorrhage is characteristic of which of the following condition?

A. Agranulocytosis

B. Neutropenia

 C. Pernicious anemia

 D. Thrombocytopenic purpura

The correct answer is D. Thrombocytopenic purpura.

Petechial purpura is minor bleeding into the dermis that is flat and non-blanching. Petechiae are typically found in patients with thrombocytopenia or platelet dysfunction. Palpable purpura occurs in vasculitis. Ecchymosis, or bruising, is more extensive bleeding into deeper layers of the skin. The

lesions are initially dark red or purple but become yellow as haemoglobin is degraded.

Reference: Davidson's Principles and Practice of Medicine, 22nd Edition, Page No. 1007

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Bacteria found in gingivitis are localized in:

 # Bacteria found in gingivitis are localized in:

A. Connective tissue fibres

B. Gingival Sulcus

C. Alveolar bone

D. Periodontal ligament

The correct answer is B. Gingival sulcus.

The pathologic changes of gingivitis are associated with the presence of oral microorganisms attached to the tooth and perhaps in or near the gingival sulcus.

Reference: Carranza's Clinical Periodontology, 12th Edition, Page no: 219

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Histological examination of the tissues in desquamative gingivitis reveals:

 # Histological examination of the tissues in desquamative gingivitis reveals:

A. Hyperkeratosis

B. Elongation of the rete pegs

C. Aggregations of giant cells

D. Local loss of the basement membrane

The correct answer is D. Local Loss of Basement Membrane.

Desquamative gingivits is histologically related to loss of basement membrane.

Reference: Carranza's Clinical Periodontology, 12th Edition, Page no: 263

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