The space maintainer which is contraindicated in a child suffering from subacute bacterial endocarditis is:

  # The space maintainer which is contraindicated in a child suffering from subacute bacterial endocarditis is:

A. Removable

B. Crown and loop

C. Band and loop

D. Distal shoe

The correct answer is D. Distal shoe.

A distal shoe space maintainer is indicated when the primary 2nd molar is lost before eruption of the permanent 1st molar. 

Distal shoe space maintainer is contraindicated in: 

• Patient with heart diseases 

• Patients with poor oral hygiene 

• Hemophilic patients 

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Middle concha of nose are a part of:

 # Middle concha of nose are a part of:

A. Nasal bone

B. Ethmoid

C. Vomer

D. Maxilla

The correct answer is B. Ethmoid.

The nasal conchae are curved bony projections directed downward and medially. 

The 3 conchae are:

 i) Inferior concha: It is an independent bone. 

ii) Middle concha: It is a projection from the medial surface of the ethmoidal labyrinth.

iii) Superior concha: It is also a projection from the medial surface of the ethmoidal labyrinth. This is the smallest concha situated just above the posterior part of middle concha. 

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Carboxylation reaction is related to:

 # Carboxylation reaction is related to:

A. Biotin

B. Vitamin B6

C. Vitamin C

D. Vitamin A

The correct answer is A. Biotin.

Biotin serves as a carrier of CO2 in carboxylation reactions. The reaction catalyzed by pyruvate carboxylase, converting pyruvate to oxaloacetate.

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Which bone reaches its adult size at birth?

 # Which bone reaches its adult size at birth?

A. Ear ossicles

B. Parietal bone

C. Mastoid process

D. Maxilla

The correct answer is A. Ear ossicles.

The bone that reaches its adult size at birth are ear ossicles. The tympanic cavity, mastoid antrum, auditory ossicles and structures of the internal ear are almost fully developed at birth and undergo little change after birth.

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