Nomenclature of Hand Instruments

# The shape of the shank of an instrument is described by: 

A. Class 

B. Subclass 

C. Suborder 

D. Order 

The correct answer is B. Subclass.

Dr. G.V. Black established a nomenclature for hand instruments, similar to the biological classification. 

1. Order : Purpose of instrument Eg : excavator or scaler. 

2. Suborder : Position or manner of use Eg : Push, pull 

3. Class : Form of working end, Eg : hatchet, chisel. 

4. Subclass : Shape of shank Eg : Monoangle or binangle. 

Naming usually moves from 4 to 1. 

Which of the following teeth have more than one occlusal form?

 # Which of the following teeth have more than one occlusal form?

A. Maxillary first premolar

B. Maxillary second premolar

C. Maxillary first molar

D. Mandibular first molar

The correct answer is C. Maxillary first molar.

The maxillary first molar is the largest tooth in volume and one of the most complex in root and canal anatomy. The pulp chamber is widest in the buccolingual dimension, and four pulp horns are present (mesiobuccal, mesiopalatal, distobuccal, and distopalatal). The pulpchamber's cervical outline form has a rhomboid shape, sometimes with rounded corners. The mesiobuccal angle is an acute angle; the distobuccal angle is an obtuse angle; and the palatal angles are basically right angles. 

Commonest site for venous ulcer is:

 # Commonest site for venous ulcer is:

A. Instep of foot

B. Lower 1/3rd leg and ankle

C. Lower 2/3rd of leg

D. Middle 1/3rd of leg

The correct answer is B. Lower 1/3rd leg and ankle.

Venous ulcer is the commonest ulcer of the leg. The basic cause of venous ulcer is abnormal venous hypertension in the lower-third of the leg, ankle and dorsum of the foot. This ulcer may be associated with demonstrable varicose veins or may follow thrombosis and phlebitis in the deep and perforating veins. 

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is present in:

 # Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is present in:

A. Soyabean oil

B. Corn oil

C. Sunflower oil

D. Fish oil

The correct answer is D. Fish oil.

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is one of several omega-3 fatty acids. It is found in cold-water fatty fish, such as salmon. It is also found in fish oil supplements, along with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Omega-3 fatty acids are part of a healthy diet that helps lower risk of heart disease.