PGCEE MDS 2022 : The active ingredient of tooth mousse is:

 # The active ingredient of tooth mousse is:

A. Xylitol

B. Calcium

C. Casein

D. Chlorhexidine

The correct answer is C. Casein.

Tooth Mousse is a topical oral health product that was developed at the Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne.

Tooth Mousse comes in the form of a foamy crème, and is available in a range of flavours including: Melon, Strawberry, Tutti-Frutti, Mint and Vanilla.

Tooth Mousse contains casein (a major milk protein), as well as calcium and phosphate. Calcium and phosphate are the major minerals that teeth are made from.

Tooth Mousse is available in two product options: with or without fluoride. The general Tooth Mousse product does not contain fluoride, whereas Tooth Mousse Plus does contain fluoride.

Tooth Mousse is not toothpaste. It is made of milk products so swallowing the product is safe and it can be used throughout the day.

PGCEE MDS 2022: Which periodontal fibres are consistent

 # Which periodontal fibres are consistent and are reconstructed even after the destruction of the alveolar bone? 

A. Apical

B. Oblique

C. Alveolar crest group

D. Transseptal

The correct answer is D. Transseptal.

Transseptal group of PDL fibers

Functions: 

- Reconstructed even after destruction of the alveolar bone has occurred in the periodontal disease. 

- Responsible for returning teeth to their original state after orthodontic therapy. 

Position: 

Extends interproximally over alveolar bone crest and embedded in the cementum of adjacent teeth 

PGCEE MDS 2022: Ringer’s lactate does not contain:

 # Ringer’s lactate does not contain:

A. Sodium

B. Chloride

C. Calcium

D. Magnesium

The correct answer is D. Magnesium.

Ringer's lactate solution (RL), also known as sodium lactate solution, Lactated Ringer’s, and Hartmann's solution, is a mixture of sodium chloride, sodium lactate, potassium chloride, and calcium chloride in water. It is used for replacing fluids and electrolytes in those who have low blood volume or low blood pressure. It may also be used to treat metabolic acidosis and to wash the eye following a chemical burn. It is given by intravenous infusion or applied to the affected area. 

PGCEE MDS 2022 : Commonest cause of TMJ ankylosis is:

 # Commonest cause of TMJ ankylosis is:

a) Trauma

b) Development disturbances

c) Infections 

d) Atrophy

The correct answer is A. Trauma. 

The definite cause of ankylosis of TMJ is unknown. Two main factors predisposing to the ankylosis are trauma and infection in or around the joint region. In 1968, Topazian reported that 26 to 75 percent of cases of TMJ ankylosis are seen following trauma, while 44 to 68 percent are seen due to infection. 

A high percentage of TMJ ankylosis are seen following trauma. At birth, TMJ may receive trauma from a forceps delivery. Trauma during intrauterine life leads to congenital ankylosis.