PGCEE MDS 2022: Behavior modification is based on the principle of:

 # Behavior modification is based on the principle of:

A. Cognitive theory

B. Classical conditioning theory

C. Social learning theory

D. Operant conditioning theory

The correct answer is C. Social learning theory.

Behavior shaping is a form of behavior modification technique based on principles of social learning. It is the procedure that slowly develops desired behavior. The behavior-shaping techniques are:

• Desensitization (TSD)

• Modelling

• Contingency management

PGCEE MDS 2022: The largest component of gutta percha cones is:

 # The largest component of gutta percha cones is:

a) Gutta percha 

b) Zinc oxide

c) Resins and waxes 

d) Coloring agents

The correct answer is B. Zinc oxide.

Composition of gutta percha cones:

(Constituent - Percentage of constituent - Function)

Gutta percha - 20% - Matrix

Zinc oxide - 66% - Filler

Heavy metal sulfates (Bismuth sulphates) - 11% - Radio opacifier

Waxes or resins - 3% - Plasticizer

PGCEE MDS 2022: CSF rhinorrhea is due to:

 # CSF rhinorrhea is due to:

A. Nasal fracture

B. Guerin’s fracture

C. Dural tear

D. Condylar fracture

The correct answer is C. Dural tear.

CSF rhinorrhoea is the result of a dural tear associated with a fracture of the cribriform plate of the ethmoid in Lefort II and III fractures. Cerebrospinal Otorrhoea is due to a fracture of the petrous part of the temporal bone.

CSF mixed with blood produces a double ring (Tramline effect) if dropped on a hospital sheet or pillow.

PGCEE MDS 2022: Extraoral Causes of Halitosis

 # A person has problem of bad odor of mouth. His gingiva is healthy. Other possible cause for this could be:

a) Indigestion 

b) Chronic sinusitis

c) Alcohol intake 

d) Diabetes mellitus

The correct answer is B. Chronic sinusitis.

ENT causes of halitosis include acute pharyngitis, chronic sinusitis and post nasal drip.