Gardner syndrome does not include:

 # Gardner syndrome does not include:

A. Osteomas

B. Epidermoid cysts

C. Osteosarcoma

D. Impacted permanent teeth

The correct answer is C. Osteosarcoma.

Gardner syndrome is also characterized by the occurrence of multiple impacted supernumerary teeth. This syndrome consists of: 

1. multiple polyposis of the large intestine,

2. Osteomas of the bones, including long bones, skull, and jaws,

3. Multiple epidermoid or sebaceous cysts of the skin, particularly on the scalp and back,

4. Occasional occurrence of desmoid tumors, and

5. Impacted supernumerary and permanent teeth 

Osteosarcoma is not a feature of Gardner Syndrome.

The most important diagnostic test to differentiate between an acute periapical abscess and a phoenix abscess is: PGCEE MDS 2022

 # The most important diagnostic test to differentiate between an acute periapical abscess and a phoenix abscess is: 

a) Pulp testing

b) Radiographs

c) History

d) Percussion

The correct answer is B. Radiographs.

Phoenix abscess is an acute inflammatory reaction superimposed on an existing chronic lesion, such as a cyst or granuloma. The exacerbation of a chronic lesion is most commonly associated with the initiation of root canal therapy in a completely asymptomatic tooth. In such a tooth, radiographs show well-defined periradicular lesions.

The deciduous tooth which does not have a resemblance to any other teeth is: PGCEE MDS 2022

 # The deciduous tooth which does not have a resemblance to any other teeth is:

a) Maxillary first molar 

b) Mandibular first molar

c) Maxillary 2nd molar 

d) Mandibular canine

The correct answer is B. Mandibular first molar.

The deciduous mandibular first molar is unique in that it has a crown form unlike that of any permanent tooth. It does, however, have two strong roots, one mesial and one distal—an arrangement similar to that of a mandibular permanent molar. These two primary teeth, the maxillary and mandibular first molars, differ from any teeth in the permanent set when crown forms are compared, in particular.

The microorganism most commonly cultured from a chronic bilateral ulcer at the corner of the mouth: PGCEE MDS 2022

 # The microorganism most commonly cultured from a chronic bilateral ulcer at the corner of the mouth:

a) Mucor 

b) Candida

c) Treponema 

d) Aspergillus

The correct answer is B. Candida. 

Angular cheilitis (AC) is inflammation of one or both corners of the mouth. Often the corners are red with skin breakdown and crusting. It can also be itchy or painful. The condition can last for days to years. Angular cheilitis is a type of cheilitis (inflammation of the lips).

Angular cheilitis can be caused by infection, irritation, or allergies. Infections include fungi such as Candida albicans and bacteria such as Staph. aureus. Irritants include poorly fitting dentures, licking the lips or drooling, mouth breathing resulting in a dry mouth, sun exposure, overclosure of the mouth, smoking, and minor trauma. Allergies may include substances like toothpaste, makeup, and food. Often a number of factors are involved. Other factors may include poor nutrition or poor immune function. Diagnosis may be helped by testing for infections and patch testing for allergies.