Procedures undertaken in preventive orthodontics are all EXCEPT:

 # Procedures undertaken in preventive orthodontics are all EXCEPT:

A. Parents education

B. Checkup for oral habits

C. Extraction of supernumerary teeth

D. Space regaining

The correct answer is D. Space regaining. 

Procedures of preventive orthodontics: 

1. Parent education 

2. Caries control 

3. Care of deciduous dentition 

4. Management of ankylosed tooth 

5. Maintenance of quadrant wise tooth shedding timetable. 

6. Checkup for oral habits and habit-breaking appliances if necessary. 

7. Occlusal equilibration if there are any occlusal pre-maturities. 

8. Prevention of damage to occlusion, e.g. Milwaukee braces 

9. Extraction of supernumerary teeth 

10. Space maintenance 

11. Management of deeply locked first permanent molar 

12. Management of abnormal frenal attachments 

Simple retraction of maxillary incisors using maxillary molars as anchorage is an example of:

 # Simple retraction of maxillary incisors using maxillary molars as anchorage is an example of:

A. Simple anchorage

B. Reciprocal anchorage

C. Stationary anchorage

D. Intermaxillary anchorage

The correct answer is C. Stationary anchorage. 

An anchor tooth or source, which does not move against the forces of teeth to be pulled is stationary

anchorage. In a real sense, only the extraoral source of anchorage derived from headgear would be a stationary anchorage. The anchor tooth being housed in a bioactive environment would show some degree of movement and hence cannot be classified as a stationary anchorage in a real sense.

Bone can be induced to grow at surgically created sites by the method called:

 # Bone can be induced to grow at surgically created sites by the method called:

A. Osteogenesis

B. Distraction osteogenesis

C. Bone wax

D. Green stick fracture

The correct answer is B. Distraction osteogenesis.

• Distraction osteogenesis is the method of inducing bone to grow at surgically created sites. 

• Russian Surgeon Ilizarov discovered in 1950's that if cuts were made through the cortex of a long bone of the limbs, the arm or leg then could be lengthened by tension to separate bony segments. 

• Currently it is believed that best results are obtained if this type of distraction starts after a few days of initial healing and callus formation and if the segments are separated at a rate of 0.5 - 1.5 mm/day. 

• Also this technique is employed for lengthening of mandible and inducing maxillary growth by separating cranial and facial bone at their sutures. 

Perspiration and redness of the cheek and ear after eating

 # A 58-year-old woman underwent left superficial parotidectomy for a pleomorphic adenoma 2 years ago. She presents with complaints of occasional perspiration and redness of the left cheek and ear after eating. Which of the following nerves is the most likely source of these complaints? 

A. Great auricular

B. Frontal branch of the facial nerve

C. Auriculotemporal

D. Lingual

The correct answer is C. Auriculotemporal.

The auriculotemporal syndrome is an unusual phenomenon, which arises as a result of damage to the auriculotemporal nerve and subsequent reinnervation of sweat glands by parasympathetic salivary fibers.

The patient typically exhibits flushing and sweating of the involved side of the face, chiefly in the temporal area, during eating. The severity of this sweating may often be increased by tart foods. Of further interest is the fact that profuse sweating may be evoked by the parenteral administration of pilocarpine or eliminated by the administration of atropine or by a procaine block of the auriculotemporal nerve.

Reference: Shafer's Textbook of Oral Pathology, 7th Edition.