The first material used for orthodontic TADs was:

 # The first material used for orthodontic TADs was:

A. Titanium

B. Stainless Steel 

C. Vitallium

D. Nickel - Chromium

The correct answer is C. Vitallium.

To date, three types of materials have been used for orthodontic TADs: titanium alloy, stainless steel

and vitallium. Vitallium was the first material used for orthodontic TADs. However, due to undesirable biocompatibility and a higher failure rate, vitallium was gradually replaced by titanium alloy. Stainless steel is also used for orthodontic mini-implants and recent evidence indicates that the success rate is similar between titanium alloy and stainless steel mini-implants. Nowadays, due to high biocompatibility of titanium, orthodontic TADs made of titanium alloy are most frequently used in clinical practice.

Reference: Clinical Insertion Techniques of Orthodontic Temporary Anchorage Devices, Wiley Blackwell

Who first advocated the opening of mid palatal suture to expand the dental arch?

 # Who first advocated the opening of mid palatal suture to expand the dental arch?

Emerson C. Angell 

B. Pierre Fauchard

C. Edward H. Angle 

D. Raymond Begg

The correct answer is A. Emerson C. Angell.

In 1860 Emerson C. Angell was probably the first person to advocate opening of the midline suture to provide space in the maxillary arch, because he took a very strong stand against extraction.

Ref: Graber, 7th Edition

Double lip is a feature of:

 # Double lip is a feature of:

 A. Aschers syndrome

B. Parry Romberg syndrome

C. Pierre Robin Syndrome

D. Mieschers syndrome

The correct answer is A. Aschers syndrome.

Ascher syndrome was first described in 1920 by an ophthalmologist. This syndrome presents as blepharochalasis(swelling of the eyelids), double lip and nontoxic thyroid enlargement. The thyroid enlargement is not present in all cases of this syndrome. The syndrome is often undiagnosed because of its rarity.

Otocephaly is a developmental disorder of:

 # Otocephaly is a developmental disorder of:

 A. Zygoma

B. Jaw bone

C. Occipital bone

D. Parietal bone

The correct answer is B. Jaw bone.

Otocephaly, also known as agnathia–otocephaly complex, is a very rare and lethal cephalic disorder characterized by the absence of the mandible (agnathia), with the ears fused together just below the chin (synotia). It is caused by a disruption to the development of the first branchial arch. It occurs in every 1 in 70,000 embryos.  

Reference: WIKIPEDIA