# Soldering and welding is not possible in:

 # Soldering and welding is not possible in:

Stainless steel wire

Elgiloy

Nitinol

TMA

The correct answer is C. Nitinol.

Limitations of NiTi wires

NiTi wires have very low formability in the clinical setting. These wires cannot be welded or soldered due to the passivating nature of titanium dioxide which is strongly adhered to the metal surface. The frictional forces in the nitinol wire are very high due to high Ti content, and therefore these wires are unsuitable for sliding tooth movements such as retraction on the wire.

NiTi wires have highest nickel content among the appliances used in orthodontics which is 55%. Although they are greatly biocompatible, however, high nickel content could be disadvantageous by causing hypersensitive reactions.

Reference: Orthodontics: Diagnosis and management of malocclusion and dentofacial deformities, OP Kharbanda, 2020

STOP USING DABUR LAL DANT MANJAN ! Why you should not use Dabur Lal Dant Manjan?

 Dabur Lal Dant Manjan is not fluoridated. It is an Ayurvedic toothpaste made with traditional herbs and ingredients. While it's popular in many countries, including India, its legal sale in the USA might be limited due to the lack of fluoride, which is a standard ingredient in toothpaste for cavity prevention.

Here's why it's still sold legally in many countries:

Cultural Preference: Ayurvedic practices are deeply ingrained in many cultures, and people trust and prefer traditional remedies like Dabur Lal Dant Manjan.

Alternative Ingredients: While not containing fluoride, Dabur Lal Dant Manjan includes ingredients like clove and other herbs that are believed to have antibacterial and oral health benefits.

Focus on Gum Health: Some users believe that the toothpaste is effective in maintaining gum health and preventing gum diseases.

Lack of Awareness: In some regions, there might be a lack of awareness about the importance of fluoride in preventing tooth decay.

Important Note: The American Dental Association (ADA) recommends using toothpaste with fluoride for effective cavity prevention. If you're concerned about tooth decay, consult your dentist for advice on the most suitable toothpaste for your oral health needs.

A 17 year old male, who has been using Dabur Lal Dant Manjan since his early childhood and has never used fluoridated toothpaste has developed dental caries as depicted in the image below. Though there could be many other contributory factors like poor oral hygiene, low salivary flow, mouth breathing habit, use of drugs causing xerostomia, radiation-induced salivary gland aplasia or some unknown factors, use of fluoridated toothpaste could have reduced the severity of the decay.

The contour of the incisal edges of the maxillary anterior teeth relative to the curvature of the lower lip during a social smile is called:

# The contour of the incisal edges of the maxillary anterior teeth relative to the curvature of the lower lip during a social smile is called:

Line of occlusion

b. Curve of Spee

c. Curve of Monson

d. Smile arc

The correct answer is D. Smile arc.

The smile arc is defined as the contour of the incisal edges of the maxillary anterior teeth relative to the curvature of the lower lip during a social smile. For best appearance, the contour of the incisal edges of these teeth should parallel the curvature of the lower lip. If the lip and dental contours match, they are said to be consonant.

A flattened (non-consonant) smile arc can pose either or both of two problems: It is less attractive, and it tends to make you look older (because older individuals often have wear of the incisors that tends to flatten the arc of the teeth). The characteristics of the smile arc must be monitored during orthodontic treatment because it is surprisingly easy to flatten it in the pursuit of other treatment objectives. The data indicate that the most important factor in smile esthetics, the only one that can change the rating of a smile from acceptable to unesthetic, is the smile arc.

Ref: Contemporary Orthodontics, William R. Proffit, 6th Edition.

# Concept of cortical anchorage given by:

# Concept of cortical anchorage given by:

a. Angle 

b. Kingsley 

c. Ricketts 

d. Newton 

The correct answer is C. Ricketts. 

Rickets technique by intentionally bringing the buccal roots of the anchor teeth into contact with the cortical plates of bone thus increasing the anchorage value of such teeth. It should be appreciated that this process should be carried out with great care and precision since overzealous torque can produce root resorption or in extreme cases cortical perforation. (Brezniak& Wasserstein, 2008)