Dentosphere : World of Dentistry

Anti caries vaccine is based on which immunoglobulin?

# Anti caries vaccine is based on which immunoglobulin?

A. IgA

B. IgE

C. IgM

D. IgG

The correct answer is A. IgA.

The major immunoglobulin in saliva is secretory IgA. whereas IgG, which comprises about 80% of the total immunoglobulin in serum, is found only in low level in salivary secretions. The molecular configuration renders the secretory IgA antibody exceptionally resistant to digestion by proteolytic enzymes. Consequently, it can function highly effectively in an oral environment which contains microbial proteases. Salivary IgA plays an important role in the defense of the host against colonization of streptococci by agglutination of the organisms.

Increased ketone bodies are seen in:

# Increased ketone bodies are seen in:

1. Uncontrolled diabetes

2. Protein deficiency

3. Well fed state

4. Prolonged starvation

A. 2 and 4

B. 1, 2 and 3

C. 1 and 2

D. 1 and 4

The correct answer is D. 1 and 4.

1. Uncontrolled diabetes: In uncontrolled diabetes, especially type 1 diabetes, there is a lack of insulin, leading to increased lipolysis and subsequent production of ketone bodies, resulting in diabetic ketoacidosis.

4. Prolonged starvation: During prolonged starvation, the body depletes its glucose stores and starts breaking down fats, leading to an increase in ketone bodies for energy.

2. Protein deficiency (Incorrect)

Protein deficiency does not typically lead to an increase in ketone bodies.

3. Well-fed state (Incorrect)

In a well-fed state, the body has sufficient glucose for energy, so ketone body production is minimal.

A 5 year old child is diagnosed with leukocyte adherence deficiency and is also affected with generalized severe bone loss adjacent to his primary teeth. What is the diagnosis?

# A 5 year old child is diagnosed with leukocyte adherence deficiency and is also affected with generalized severe bone loss adjacent to his primary teeth. What is the diagnosis?

A. Generalized aggressive periodontitis

B. Generalized chronic periodontitis

C. Gingival diseases modified by systemic factors

D. Periodontitis as a manifestation of systemic disease

The correct answer is D. Periodontitis as a manifestation of systemic disease.

Leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) is a rare immunodeficiency disorder that impairs the body's ability to fight infection. This condition is associated with early, severe periodontitis due to the inability of leukocytes (white blood cells) to migrate to infection sites, leading to impaired immune responses and increased susceptibility to bacterial infections. The severe bone loss around the primary teeth is a manifestation of this systemic disease. Therefore, the periodontitis is secondary to the systemic condition, which makes D the most appropriate choice.