Which of the following is not a systemic disorder causing delayed eruption of permanent teeth?

 # Which of the following is not a systemic disorder causing delayed eruption of permanent teeth?

A. Segmental odontomaxillary dysplasia

B. Celiac disease

C. Cerebral palsy

D. Ichthyosis

The answer is A. Segmental odontomaxillary dysplasia.

Explanation:

Segmental odontomaxillary dysplasia:

This is a localized developmental disorder, not a systemic disorder. It affects the maxilla segmentally, often leading to delayed eruption of teeth in that specific area. However, it is not classified as a systemic disorder.

Celiac disease:

This is a systemic condition that can cause nutritional deficiencies (e.g., calcium, vitamin D), leading to delayed dental development and eruption.

Cerebral palsy:

A systemic neurological disorder that can indirectly delay the eruption of permanent teeth due to associated developmental challenges.

Ichthyosis:

Though primarily a skin disorder, certain severe systemic forms might cause delayed eruption due to associated developmental issues.

In falciparum malaria, causes of anemia are due to all EXCEPT:

 # In falciparum malaria, causes of anemia are due to all EXCEPT:

A. Hemolysis

B. Malabsorption

C. Spleen sequestration

D. Bone marrow depression

The correct answer is B. Malabsorption.

In falciparum malaria, the causes of anemia include:

Hemolysis: Destruction of red blood cells.

Spleen sequestration: Trapping of red blood cells in the spleen.

Bone marrow depression: Reduced production of red blood cells in the bone marrow.

However, malabsorption is not typically a cause of anemia in falciparum malaria. 

Acute angled cusps in permanent maxillary first molar are:

 # Acute angled cusps in permanent maxillary first molar are:

A. Distobuccal and mesiolingual

B. Mesiobuccal and distolingual

C. Mesiobuccal and distobuccal

D. Mesiolingual and distolingual

The correct answer is B. Mesiobuccal and distolingual.

Explanation:

In the permanent maxillary first molar:

The mesiobuccal and distolingual cusps form acute angles.

The mesiolingual and distobuccal cusps form obtuse angles.

These acute and obtuse angles contribute to the rhomboid-shaped occlusal outline typical of the maxillary first molar.

Most common side effect of long term heavy dose of carbamazepine is:

 # Most common side effect of long term heavy dose of carbamazepine is:

A. Aplastic Anemia

B. Fluid retention

C. Renal toxicity

D. Gingival hyperplasia

The correct answer is: A. Aplastic Anemia.

Explanation:

Carbamazepine is an antiepileptic drug with several potential side effects. The most common long-term serious side effect associated with heavy doses of carbamazepine is hematological toxicity, including aplastic anemia and agranulocytosis, though these are rare.

A. Aplastic Anemia: Correct. Long-term use of carbamazepine can suppress bone marrow, leading to aplastic anemia.

B. Fluid Retention: While carbamazepine can cause hyponatremia due to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH), this is not the most common severe long-term side effect.

C. Renal Toxicity: Carbamazepine is not primarily known for causing renal toxicity.

D. Gingival Hyperplasia: This is more commonly associated with drugs like phenytoin, not carbamazepine.