What is best for factor VIII replacement in Hemophilia A:

 # What is best for factor VIII replacement in Hemophilia A?

A. Fresh frozen plasma

B. Cryoprecipitate

C. Whole blood

D. Platelets

The correct answer is B. Cryoprecipitate.

Cryoprecipitate is a source of fibrinogen， factor VIII，and von Willebrand factor (VWF). It is ideal for supplying fibrinogen to the volume-sensitive patient. When factor VIII concentrates are not

available， cryoprecipitate may be used because each unit contains approximately 80 units of factor VIII. Cryoprecipitate may also supply VWF to patients with dysfunctional (type II) or absent (type III) von Willebrand's disease. 

Reference: Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 19th Edition, Page no: 138e-3

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Which deficiency affects tooth development?

 # Which deficiency affects tooth development?

A. Vitamin A

B. Carbohydrates

C. Vitamin E

D. Vitamin B

The correct answer is A. Vitamin A.

In vitamin A deficiency the ameloblasts fail to differentiate properly. Consequently, their organizing influence on the adjacent mesenchymal cells is disturbed, and atypical dentin, known as osteodentin, is formed.

Reference: Orban’s Oral Histology and Embryology, Thirteenth Edition, Page no 46

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A child with fever of 102 degrees F and vesicles in the oral cavity is probably suffering from:

 # A child with fever of 102 degrees F and vesicles in the oral cavity is probably suffering from:

A. Herpes Simplex type I

B. Juvenile periodontitis

C. Acute herpetic gingivostomatitis

D. Neutropenia

The correct answer is C. Acute Herpetic Gingivostomatitis.

In some preschool children the primary infection of Herpes Simplex virus may be characterized by only one or two mild sores on the oral mucous membranes, which may be of little concern to the child or may go unnoticed by the parents. In other children the primary infection may be manifested by acute symptoms (acute herpetic gingivostomatitis). The active symptoms of the acute disease can occur in children with clean mouths and healthy oral tissues. The symptoms of the disease develop suddenly and include, in addition to the fiery red gingival tissues, malaise, irritability, headache, and pain associated with the intake of food and liquids of acidic content. A characteristic oral finding in the acute primary disease is the presence of yellow or white liquid-filled vesicles. In a few days the vesicles rupture and form painful ulcers, 1 to 3 mm in diameter, which are covered with a whitish gray membrane and have a circumscribed area of inflammation. The ulcers may be observed on any area of the mucous membrane, including buccal mucosa, tongue, lips, hard and soft palate, and the tonsillar areas. Large ulcerated lesions may occasionally be observed on the palate or gingival tissues or in the region of the mucobuccal fold. This distribution makes the differential diagnosis more difficult. An additional diagnostic criterion is a fourfold rise of serum antibodies to HSV-1. The lesion culture also shows positive results for HSV-1.

Reference: McDONALD AND AVERY’S DENTISTRY FOR THE CHILD AND

ADOLESCENT, TENTH EDITION, Page no 246.

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In performing mandibular nerve block for a child, the most probable cause of failure of anesthesia is:

# In performing mandibular nerve block for a child, the most probable cause of failure of anesthesia is:

A. More concentration of LA is required

B. Because of different angulation of needle

C. Because of position of mandibular foramen

D. None of the above

The correct answer is C. Because of position of mandibular foramen.

Olsen reported that the mandibular foramen is situated at a level lower than the occlusal plane of the primary teeth of the pediatric patient. Therefore the injection must be made slightly lower and more posteriorly than for an adult patient.

Reference: McDONALD AND AVERY’S DENTISTRY FOR THE CHILD AND

ADOLESCENT, TENTH EDITION, Page no 275

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