Ringer lactate does not contain:

 # Ringer's lactate does not contain:

A. Magnesium

B. Chloride

C. Potassium

D. Sodium

The correct answer is Magnesium.

Ringer's lactate (also known as Hartmann's solution or sodium lactate solution) is an isotonic crystalloid fluid used for intravenous resuscitation and fluid replacement. It is formulated to closely mimic the electrolyte concentration of human blood plasma, but it does not contain magnesium.

Ideally a malocclusion should be treated between the age of:

 # Ideally a malocclusion should be treated between the age of:

A. 5 and 8 years

B. 8 and 10 years

C. 10 to 12 years

D. The age at which a malocclusion is treated depends on the problem involved

The correct answer is: D. The age at which a malocclusion is treated depends on the problem involved.

Explanation: There is no single ideal age to treat all malocclusions. The optimal timing depends on the type and severity of the malocclusion, the patient's growth status, and the treatment objectives.

Examples:

• Early (5–8 years):
  • Crossbites
  • Functional shifts
  • Harmful oral habits
  • Severe skeletal Class III requiring interceptive treatment
  • 
    
• Mixed dentition (8–10 years):
  • Severe crowding
  • Ectopic eruption
  • Functional Class II correction in selected cases
  • 
    
• Late mixed/early permanent dentition (10–12 years):
  • Most comprehensive orthodontic treatments
  • Class II correction during the pubertal growth spurt
  • Alignment after eruption of permanent teeth
  • 
    
• Adolescence or adulthood:
  • Comprehensive orthodontic treatment
  • Orthognathic surgery for severe skeletal discrepancies (after growth completion)

Nepal Medical Council Special Examination Sample Questions - Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics

NMC Special Licence Exam: Orthodontics (MDS)

100 Interactive Questions including Image-based MCQs.

Instructions

• ✔️ Total Questions: 100
• ✔️ Level: Masters of Dental Surgery (MDS)
• ✔️ Explanations provided after each answer.
• ✔️ Click an option to lock in your answer.

Question 1 of 100 Score: 0

Question goes here?

Explanation:

Exam Completed!

🏆

Your Final Score:

0 / 100

The Nine Types of GIC - Types of Glass Ionomer Cement Mnemonics

The 9 Types of GIC

Glass Ionomer Cements classified by application. Use this highly effective memory tool to ace your dental exams!

The Ultimate Mnemonic

Little Rest😴 between fussy😒 orthodontic🦷 class🏫, fluorishes✨ artistic🎨 children!🧒

Type I

🔗

Little

stands for

Luting Cement

Used for cementation of crowns, bridges, and inlays.

Type II

🦷

Rest

stands for

Restorative

Used for direct restorations in anterior teeth and cervical lesions.

Type III

🛡️

between

stands for

Bases & Liners

Used as a protective layer under composite or amalgam.

Type IV

🛑

fussy

stands for

Pit & Fissure Sealant

Used to seal deep grooves to prevent caries.

Type V

😬

orthodontic

stands for

Orthodontic Cement

Used for cementing orthodontic bands and brackets.

Type VI

🏗️

class

stands for

Core Build-up

Highly reinforced GIC used to build up severely broken teeth.

Type VII

✨

fluorishes

stands for

High Fluoride Releasing

Command set materials specifically for high caries risk patients.

Type VIII

🛠️

artistic

stands for

ART

Atraumatic Restorative Treatment for field dentistry without drills.

Type IX

🧸

children

stands for

Pediatric GIC

Specifically formulated for restoring deciduous (baby) teeth.

www.dentaldevotee.com