SYNOPSIS - INTRODUCTION TO ORTHODONTICS

Orthodontics (Greek. orthos = correct; odontos = teeth) is that branch of dentistry concerned with prevention, interception and correction of malocclusion and other abnormalities of the dento-facial region. The term 'Orthodontics' was first coined by le Felon.

Interesting / most difficult / most frightening / most challenging / unforgettable/ potentially fatal

Every dentist examines a number of  patients each day and gains more and more the clinical skills required for diagnosis and gains insight to distinguish between the conditions that appear very similar to each other clinically and are confusing to a neophyte in the field of dentistry.

You must have heard the saying "The eyes only see what the head knows" as a student which is true indeed. A good knowledge of the condition, its manifestations, signs and symptoms are vital to make a differential diagnosis pointing towards the correct direction. Even the general public these days believe that  older the doctor, the lesser the lab investigations he needs and demands before making a diagnosis. What are your opinions about that ?

Please Share your interesting / most difficult / most frightening / most challenging / unforgettable/ potentially fatal cases you've managed so far and share your feelings during the procedure, after completing it, and the lessons you learnt. You can share as many as you like. Have a nice time. Thank You !!!

Types of Dentitions

TYPES OF DENTITIONS

Monophyodont	Presence of only one set of dentition for entire life.
Diphyodont	• Presence of two sets of dentition  • Human beings are diphyodonts
Polyphyodont	Presence of more than two sets of dentition.
Homodont	All the teeth have same shape without distinction such as incisors, canines, premolars and molars.
Heterodont	Presence of different groups of teeth.
Bunodont	• Primitive type of teeth seen in primates like cats, dogs, etc.  • Contains simple conical cusps.
Haplodont	• Seen in reptiles like crocodiles.  • Simplest cone form of teeth with single root. • Only simple hinge movements of jaws are seen.
Triconodont	• Seen in early mammals.  • Three cusps are arranged in line with the largest cusp in the center.
Tritubercular stage	• Three cusps are arranged in triangle form.
Quadritubercular stage	• 4th cusp is formed and an occlusal contact relationship between the upper and lower  jaws is established.

Except molars, all the permanent teeth (incisors, canines and premolars) are known as succedaneous teeth because they take the place of their primary predecessors.

MCQs in Fixed Partial Dentures - Principles of Tooth Preparation

# The average root surface area of maxillary first molar is (in mm2):
A. 133
B. 233
C. 333
D. 433

# The average root surface area (mm2) of the maxillary second premolar is:
A. 234
B. 220
C. 273
D. 204

MCQs on Preventive and Interceptive Orthodontics - Orthodontics MCQs

# Space maintainers are usually needed in the:
A. Mandibular primary incisor teeth area
B. Mandibular primary canine teeth area
C. Mandibular primary second molar area
D. Maxillary primary incisor area

# The term space maintenance refers to:
A. the preservation of space for a permanent tooth in a child's mouth
B. the preservation of total arch length or of all the permanent teeth in the arch in a child's mouth
C. the preservation of mesial drift after the loss of a tooth
D. none of the above

Head and Neck Cancer : Risk Factors and Prevention

Due  to  widespread  screening services  more and more cases of the dreadful cancer are being recorded. Cancer represents Australia’s greatest disease burden, ahead of cardiovascular disease. Cancer is a disease associated with ageing. With the number of people aged over 65 years set to double by 2051, cancer incidence is projected to continue rising. (Ref : 1)

Current evidence indicates that approximately one-third of cancer deaths in Australia can be attributed to known and avoidable risk factors. Appropriate prevention strategies have the potential to reduce cancer incidence.

MCQs in Endodontics - Disinfection and Obturation

# Obturation of a root canal should achieve:
A. Tug back
B. Hermetic seal
C. Fluid free seal
D. All of the above

# The purpose of a root canal sealer is to:
A. seal the tubules of the dentine
B. stimulate healing in periapical region
C. prevent discoloration
D. fill the space between solid core material and pulp canal walls