When the flaps are not in close apposition, following suturing technique is used:

 # When the flaps are not in close apposition, following suturing technique is used:

A. Direct or loop suture

B. Sling ligation

C. Anchor suture

D. Figure of 8 suture

The correct answer is D. Figure of 8 suture.

Interdental Ligation. Two types of interdental ligation can be used: the direct loop suture and the figure-eight suture. With the figure-eight suture, thread is placed between the two flaps. This suture is used when the flaps are not in close apposition as a result of apical flap position or nonscalloped incisions. This is simpler to perform than the direct ligation. The direct suture allows for a better closure of the interdental papilla. It should be performed when bone grafts are used or when close apposition of the scalloped incision is required.

Reference: Carranza's Clinical Periodontology, 12th Edition, Page no: 586 e1

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All the following cements possess anticariogenic properties, EXCEPT:

 # All the following cements  possess anticariogenic properties, EXCEPT:

A. Silicate

B. Glass ionomer

C. Silicophosphate

D. Zinc oxide eugenol

The correct answer is D. Zinc oxide eugenol.

Anticariogenic property of cements makes the enamel (fluorapatite) resistant to acid mediated decalcification. Silica-phosphate has the highest fluoride content followed by silicate and GIC. Polycarboxylate has least fluoride content. They release fluoride throughout the life of restoration but rate of release decreases over time.

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Tarnish generally occurs in the oral cavity due to:

 # Tarnish generally occurs in the oral cavity due to:

A. Formation of hard and soft deposits

B. Pigment producing bacteria

C. Formation of their oxides, sulphides or chlorides

D. All of the above

The correct answer is D. All of the above.

Tarnish: It is the surface discoloration or alteration of the surface finish or luster. It generally occurs due to formation calculus, plaque on the surface of the metal. It also occurs due to formation of oxides, sulfides or chlorides. Tarnish is the forerunner of corrosion.

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Which of the following alloys exhibit superelasticity and shape memory

 # Which of the following alloys exhibit superelasticity and shape memory?

A. Nitinol

B. Beta titanium

C. Optiflex

D. Stainless steel

The correct answer is A. Nitinol.

The nickel-titanium alloys used in dentistry are based upon the equiatomic intermetallic compound NiTi, which contains 55% nickel and 45% titanium by weight. Orthodontic wire alloys contain small amounts of other elements, such as cobalt, copper, and chromium.

The alloy name “Nitinol” originally came from the two elements nickel (Ni) and titanium (Ti) and the Naval Ordnance Laboratory (NOL) where these alloys were developed. Superelasticity and shape memory are the properties exhibited by Nitinol.

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Which die material has a hazardous (lethal) potential during fabrication?

 # Which die material has a hazardous (lethal) potential during fabrication?

A. Improved stone

B. Silver amalgam

C. Electrodeposited silver

D. Epoxy resin

The correct answer is C. Electrodeposited silver.

• Has a lethal potential due to the Electro usage of silver cyanide plated silver 

• Polysulphide impressions can be easily electro plated

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The coefficient of thermal expansion of which of the following dental materials is the highest?

 # The coefficient of thermal expansion of which of the following dental materials is the highest?

A. Amalgam

B. Gold inlay

C. Silicate cement

D. Acrylic resins

The correct answer is D. Acrylic resins.

Linear coefficient of thermal expansion (α = coefficient of linear expansion (°C−1))

Tooth 9 - 11

Silicate 8

Unfilled acrylate 81

Composites 28 - 45

Amalgam 25

Direct gold 18

Aluminous porcelain 6 - 7

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The glass ionomer cement is not recommended for:

 # The glass ionomer cement is not recommended for:

A. Class V restoration

B. Class III restoration

C. Class IV restoration

D. None of the above

The correct answer is C. Class IV restoration 

INDICATIONS OF GIC

- The restoration of caries lesions on the roots of patients with active caries is the primary indication for the use of a glass ionomer as a restorative material.

- Because of their limited strength and wear resistance, glass ionomers are indicated generally for the restoration of low-stress areas (not for typical Class I, II or IV restorations), where caries activity potential is of significant concern.

- In addition to being indicated for root-surface caries lesions in Class V locations, slot-like preparations in Class II or III cervical locations (not involving the proximal contact) may be restored with glass ionomers, if access permits.

- Cervical defects of idiopathic erosion or abrasion origin (or any combination) also may be indications for restoration with glass ionomers, if esthetic demands are not critical.

 Reference: Sturdevant’s Art and Science of Operative Dentistry Second South Asia Edition 2019, Page No: 540

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