When the denture border is overextended on posterior region, common complaint by the patient is:

   # When the denture border is overextended on posterior region, common complaint by the patient is:

A. Improper retention

B. Difficulty in swallowing 

C. Difficulty in speech

D. Excess salivation

The correct answer is A. Improper retention. 

Persistent gagging can occur due to overextended denture borders especially in the posterior part of maxillary denture and the distolingual part of mandibular denture. Gagging usually produces displacement of the denture.

When the denture border is overextended on distolingual region, difficulty in swallowing occurs. The overextension in the distolingual sulcus should be corrected.

Ref: Nallaswamy

Stages of Tooth Development in a Multirooted Tooth

 Description of modified Moorrees' stages (Moorrees et al., 1963a,b) used to identify tooth developmental stages of multirooted teeth. 

Average vertical length a mandible moves in a chewing cycle is:

  # Average vertical length a mandible moves in a chewing cycle is:

A. 3-5 mm

B. 10-12 mm

C. 16-20 mm

D. 50-60 mm

The correct answer is C. 16-20 mm.

Chewing is highly complex oral motor behavior usually seen in the frontal plane in simple form. No archetypal chewing cycle exists. The means of the dimensions of the chewing cycle are between 16 and 20 mm for vertical movements and between 3 and 5 mm for lateral movements. The duration of the cycle varies from 0.6 to 1 second depending on the type of food. The speed of masticatory movement varies within each cycle, both according to the type of food and among individuals. Speed, duration, and form of the chewing cycle vary with the type of occlusion, kind of food, and presence of dysfunction.

Reference: Wheeler's 10th Edition Page 263

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Oblique ridge at the centre of occlusal surface is reduced to the level of:

  # Oblique ridge at the centre of occlusal surface is reduced to the level of:

A. Central groove

B. Marginal ridges

C. Cusp tips

D. All of the above

The correct answer is B. Marginal ridges.

The oblique ridge is a ridge that crosses the occlusal surface obliquely. The union of the triangular ridge of the distobuccal cusp and the distal ridge of the mesiolingual cusp forms it. This ridge is reduced in height in the center of the occlusal surface, being about on a level with the marginal ridges of the occlusal surface. Sometimes it is crossed by a developmental groove that partially joins the two major fossae by means of its shallow sulcate groove.

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Which Premolar develops from five lobes?

  # Which of the following premolars develop from five lobes?

A. Maxillary first premolar

B. Maxillary second premolar

C. Mandibular first premolar

D. Mandibular second premolar

The correct answer is D. Mandibular second premolar.

The mandibular first premolars are developed from four lobes, as were the maxillary premolars. The mandibular second premolars are, in most instances, developed from five lobes, three buccal and two lingual lobes.

Reference: Wheeler's, 10th Edition, Page 151

Parahemophilia is due to deficiency of :

  # Parahemophilia is due to deficiency of :

A. Clotting factor VIII

B. Clotting factor IX

C. Clotting factor V

D. Clotting factor XI

The correct answer is C. Clotting factor V.

Parahemophilia:  a congenital deficiency of factor V in the blood that is associated with hemorrhagic diathesis and abnormally slow clotting time. — called also Owren's disease.

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In the anteroposterior bar major connector, the shape of the bars are:

  # In the anteroposterior bar major connector, the shape of the bars are:

A. Anterior bar – flat strap; posterior bar- half oval

B. Anterior bar – half pear shape; posterior bar- half pear shape

C. Anterior bar – half oval; posterior bar- flat strap

D. Anterior bar – flat strap; posterior bar- flat strap

The correct answer is A. Anterior bar – flat strap; posterior bar- half oval.

The anterior component is a flat strap located as far posteriorly as possible to avoid rugae coverage and tongue interference. The anterior border of this strap should be located just posterior to a rugae crest or in the valley between two crests. The posterior strap is thin, a minimum of 8 mm wide, and located

as far posteriorly as possible, yet entirely on the hard palate. It should be located at right angles to midline rather than diagonally.

Posterior palatal component: a strap of 22-gauge thickness, 8 to 10 mm wide (a half-oval form of approximately 6-gauge thickness and width) may also be used.

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