The standard probing depth, which requires referral to periodontist, at the time of evaluation of phase 1:

 # The standard probing depth, which requires referral to periodontist, at the time of evaluation of phase 1: 

A. 5 mm 

B. 6 mm 

C. 7 mm 

D. 8 mm 

The correct answer is A. 5 mm.

Pocket depth of 5 and above should be referred to a periodontist.

The deficiency of which of the following nutrients is well tolerated by humans?

 # The deficiency of which of the following nutrients is well tolerated by humans?

A. Carbohydrate

B. Lipid

C. Protein 

D. Vitamins

The correct answer is A. Carbohydrate.

Carbohydrates are the polyhydroxyaldehydes or ketones, or campounds which produce them on hydrolysis. The term sugor is applied to carbohydrates soluble in water and sweet to taste. Carbohydrates are the major dietary energy sources, besides their involvement in cell structure and various other functions.

Carbohydrates are broadly classified into 3 groups- monosaccharides, oligosoccharides, and polysaccharides. The monosacchsrides are further divided into different categories based an the presence of functional groups (aldoses or ketoses) and the number of carbon atoms (trioses, tetroses, pentases, hexoses and heptoses).

Glyceraldehyde (triose) is the simplest carbohydrate and is chosen as a reference to write the configuratian of all other monasaccharides (D- and L- forms). If two monosaccharides differ in their structure around a single carbon atom, they are known as epimers. Glucose and galactose are C4-epimers. 

Maltose which is produced as a breakdown product of starch is:

 # Maltose which is produced as a breakdown product of starch is:

A. Monosaccharide

B. Disaccharide

C. Trisaccharide

D. Polysaccharide

The correct answer is B. Disaccharide.

Sucrose, lactose and maltose are disaccharides.

Sucrose = Glucose + Fructose

Lactose = Galactose + Glucose

Maltose = Glucose + Glucose

Which of the following is a monosaccharide?

 # Which of the following is a monosaccharide? 

a. Galactose 

b. Lactose 

c. Maltose 

d. Sucrose 

The correct answer is A. Galactose.

Sucrose, lactose and maltose are disaccharides.

Sucrose = Glucose + Fructose

Lactose = Galactose + Glucose

Maltose = Glucose + Glucose

In the plasma membrane, glycolipids are usually situated in:

 # In the plasma membrane, glycolipids are usually situated in:

a. Cannot be predicted, it varies according to the cell types. 

b. Inner leaflet of plasma the membrane. 

c. Outer leaflet of the plasma membrane. 

d. Evenly distributed in both outer and inner leaves of plasma membrane. 

The correct answer is C. Outer leaflet of the plasma membrane.

Glycolipids are found on the outer leaflet of cellular membranes where it play not only a structural role to maintain membrane stability but also facilitates cell to cell communication acting as receptors, anchors for protein and regulators of signal transduction. Cell surface carbohydrates play major roles in cell substrate recognition in oncogenesis, cell adhesion in metastasis.

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Nerve of pterygoid canal is also known as:

 # Nerve of pterygoid canal is also known as:

A. Vidian nerve

B. Radial nerve

C. Musician’s nerve

D. None of the above

The correct answer is a. Vidian nerve.

The vidian nerve (also known as the nerve of the pterygoid canal) is formed by the union of the deep and greater petrosal nerves, the latter being a branch of the facial nerve at the level of the geniculate ganglion.

The nerve of the pterygoid canal (Vidian nerve) is formed by the junction of the greater petrosal nerve and deep petrosal nerve, which passes from the foramen lacerum to the pterygopalatine fossa through the pterygoid canal.

Proximal segment of mandibular angle fracture

 # The proximal segment of mandibular angle fracture usually displaced in which direction ?

a. Anterior and superior

b. Posterior and inferior

c. Inferior only

d. Posterior and superior

The correct answer is A. Anterior and superior.

Fractures of angle of mandible are influenced by the pull of medial pterygoid, masseter and temporalis

muscles, which displace the ramus in superior and anterior direction. This is a liorizontally unfavorable

fracture.