Dentosphere : World of Dentistry

 Dental care is essential for maintaining good oral health and preventing serious dental problems. However, dental care can be expensive, and many people cannot afford it. Fortunately, the state of Texas has Medicaid, a government-funded program that provides healthcare coverage to low-income individuals and families, including dental care. In this article, we will explore the dental service providers listed in Medicaid in the state of Texas. First, let's discuss Medicaid. Medicaid is a joint federal and state program that provides health care coverage to low-income individuals and families. Medicaid covers a variety of health care services, including dental care. In Texas, Medicaid is administered by the Texas Health and Human Services Commission (HHSC). Dental services covered by Medicaid in Texas include routine exams, cleanings, X-rays, fillings, extractions, and dentures. Medicaid also covers orthodontic treatment for children with certain qualifying conditions. However, not a...

 # Early closure of a suture is called:  A. Synchondrosis  B. Ankylosis  C. Synostosis  D. Epiphysis The correct answer is C. Synostosis. Synostosis is the early or premature fusion of two or more bones that normally remain separate. In the context of cranial sutures, synostosis refers to the premature fusion of the fibrous connective tissue that normally separates the cranial bones, resulting in a reduction or loss of cranial flexibility. This condition is also known as craniosynostosis and can lead to abnormalities in skull shape and brain growth if not treated appropriately. In contrast, synchondrosis is a type of joint where the bones are connected by hyaline cartilage, such as the joints between the ribs and sternum. Ankylosis refers to the fusion of a joint due to disease or injury, while epiphysis refers to the rounded end of a long bone that forms a joint with another bone.

 # First evidence of calcification of deciduous incisors is at: A. 2 months  B. Between 1 to 2 months C. 30 weeks in utero  D. 11 weeks in utero The correct answer is D. 11 weeks in utero. According to "Developmental Dentistry" by J.R. Rooper and A.M. Foreman, the calcification of deciduous incisors begins at around 11 weeks in utero, followed by the development of other teeth in a specific sequence over the subsequent weeks and months of fetal development. 

 # Maximum development of face takes place in: A. 1st to 3rd  week of intrauterine life B. 3rd to 8th week of intrauterine life C. 9th to 12th week of intrauterine life D. After 12th  week of intrauterine life The correct answer is B. 3rd to 8th week of intrauterine life. The maximum development of the face takes place during the 3rd to 8th week of intrauterine life. This is the critical period for the formation of the facial structures and features such as the eyes, nose, mouth, and ears. During this time, the embryonic tissue undergoes complex interactions and transformations that ultimately give rise to the characteristic appearance of the human face. After the 8th week, further growth and refinement of the facial structures continue, but the basic blueprint has already been established. Reference: Langman's Medical Embryology by T.W. Sadler

 # The intercanine width in the mandible is completed by: A. 4 to 5 years B. 7 to 8 years C. 9 to 10 years D. 10 to 12 years The correct answer is C. 9 to 10 years. The intercanine width in the mandible is typically completed by the time a child is 9 to 10 years old, which is when the mandibular canine teeth have fully erupted and have reached their final position in the arch. This timing can vary slightly between individuals, and it is important to consider other factors such as dental crowding or spacing when evaluating intercanine width. The reference for this explanation is: Naini FB. Biological basis of orthodontics. John Wiley & Sons; 2015. Chapter 5: Growth and development of the mandible.

 # The main growth site for mandible is: A. Condyle  B. Angle C. Symphysis  D. Body The correct answer is A. Condyle. The mandibular condyle is the main growth site for the mandible. The condyle is a specialized growth center that contributes to both the length and width of the mandible. The condyle grows through endochondral bone formation, which involves the transformation of cartilage into bone tissue. The growth of the condyle is regulated by various factors such as growth hormones, growth factors, and mechanical stimuli. While the other parts of the mandible also contribute to its overall growth and development, the condyle is the primary growth site for the mandible. Therefore, the correct answer is A, the condyle. Reference: Proffit, W. R., Fields, H. W. Jr, & Sarver, D. M. (2013). Contemporary Orthodontics. (5th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby/Elsevier. Chapter 4: Growth of the Face and the Jaws.

 # Meckel's cartilage is essential for mandibular growth because: A. It is converted into bone  B. It is a template for bone deposition C. It is a skeletal unit D. It is a secondary cartilage The correct answer is B. It is a template for bone deposition. Meckel's cartilage is a temporary cartilage structure that forms the basis of the mandibular skeleton in the early embryo. During development, the cartilage acts as a template for the formation of bone, and the mandible grows around it. Meckel's cartilage eventually undergoes resorption, and the mature mandible is formed through a combination of endochondral and intramembranous ossification. Therefore, the correct answer is B, that Meckel's cartilage is essential for mandibular growth because it serves as a template for bone deposition. Reference: Proffit, W. R., Fields, H. W. Jr, & Sarver, D. M. (2013). Contemporary Orthodontics. (5th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby/Elsevier. Chapter 4: Growth of the Face and the Jaws.