Dentosphere : World of Dentistry

 # In a hand wrist radiograph, which of the following carpal bones appears first? A. Hamate B. Triquetral C. Lunate D. Naviculare The correct answer is A. Hamate.  Sequence of Appearance of 8 Carpal bones: Capitate < Hamate < Triquetral < Lunate < Trapezium, Trapezoid, Scaphoid (Three of them appear together) < Pisiform 

 # Difference of width of four maxillary permanent incisors and primary incisors is about: A. 7 mm B. 6 mm C. 6.5 mm D. 8.5 mm The correct answer is A. 7 mm.  Permanent incisors develop lingual to the primary incisors. For incisors to erupt in normal alignment, there is an obligate space requirement in the anterior part of both the arches which is termed as incisor liability or difference between the amount of space needed for the permanent incisors and the amount available for them is called the incisor liability. The total sum of the mesiodistal width of four permanent incisors is larger than that of primary incisors by 7.6 mm in maxilla and 6 mm in mandible. 

Determining the exact threshold for what constitutes excessive or harmful soft drink consumption can be challenging, as it depends on various factors such as an individual's overall diet, lifestyle, and health status. However, health experts generally recommend limiting the intake of sugary beverages, including soft drinks, due to their negative impact on health. Here are some data on national average soft drink consumption in a few countries for comparison: United States: According to data from the Beverage Marketing Corporation, the average American consumed approximately 38.87 gallons (about 147 liters) of carbonated soft drinks per year in 2019. This translates to roughly 1 to 2 servings per day, depending on portion size. Mexico: Mexico has one of the highest average soft drink consumption rates globally. According to a report by Euromonitor International, Mexicans consumed an average of 121.2 liters of carbonated soft drinks per person in 2019, equivalent to over 2 servings p...

 Harmful Effects of Soft Drinks on Health: Short-Term and Long-Term Consequences Introduction: Soft drinks have become a ubiquitous part of modern lifestyles, with their consumption on the rise worldwide. These sugary beverages are enjoyed for their taste, convenience, and marketing appeal. However, the excessive consumption of soft drinks has been linked to a range of detrimental health effects. This essay aims to delve into the harmful consequences of soft drink consumption on overall health, examining both the short-term and long-term impacts. Short-Term Effects: a) Weight Gain and Obesity: Soft drinks are laden with added sugars and calories, contributing significantly to weight gain. The consumption of sugary beverages provides excess energy without offering substantial nutritional value, leading to an increased risk of obesity. Rapid weight gain in the short term can have detrimental effects on metabolic health and increase the likelihood of developing chronic conditions su...

 # Which of the following elements are the constituents of white gold alloys? A. Gold and copper B. Silver and palladium B. Palladium and platinum D. Copper and Palladium The correct answer is B. Silver and palladium. White gold is an alloy of gold and at least one white metal (usually nickel, silver, or palladium). Like yellow gold, the purity of white gold is given in karats. White gold's properties vary depending on the metals used and their proportions. As a result, white gold alloys can be used for many different purposes: while a nickel alloy is hard and strong, and therefore good for rings and pins; gold–palladium alloys are soft, pliable, and good for white-gold gemstone settings, sometimes with other metals, like copper, silver, and platinum, added for weight and durability (although this often requires specialized goldsmiths). The term white gold is used very loosely in the industry to describe karat gold alloys with a whitish hue. The word white covers a broad range of c...

 # Which of the following is the gene for sex determination? A. HOX B. Shh C. SRY D. Rb gene The correct answer is C. SRY. Some species (including humans) have a gene SRY on the Y chromosome that determines maleness. Members of SRY-reliant species can have uncommon XY chromosomal combinations such as XXY and still live. Human sex is determined by the presence or absence of a Y chromosome with a functional SRY gene. Once the SRY gene is activated, cells create testosterone and anti-müllerian hormone which typically ensures the development of a single, male reproductive system. In typical XX embryos, cells secrete estrogen, which drives the body toward the female pathway.

 # Torque in orthodontics refers to: a. The change in mesiodistal inclination of teeth b. The change in labiolingual inclination of teeth c. The rotation of teeth d. None of the above The correct answer is B. The change in labiolingual inclination of teeth. Torquing is considered as reverse tipping during which there is movement of root only without the movement of the crown. This type of tooth movement is usually used to correct the effects of uncontrolled tipping.