Dentosphere : World of Dentistry

# Commonest type of lung carcinoma in non smokers: A. Squamous cell carcinoma B. Adenocarcinoma C. Alveolar cell carcinoma D. Small cell carcinoma The correct answer is B. Adenocarcinoma.  Types of Lung Carcinoma: There are two main types of lung cancer: non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). NSCLC is the most common type, accounting for about 80% of all lung cancers. Here's a breakdown of the options you provided: Squamous cell carcinoma: This is a type of NSCLC that typically starts in the flat cells lining the airways of the lungs. Smoking is a major risk factor for squamous cell carcinoma. Adenocarcinoma: This is also a type of NSCLC, and it's the most common type of lung cancer diagnosed in both smokers and non-smokers. It starts in the gland cells that make mucus in the lungs. Alveolar cell carcinoma: This is a rare type of lung cancer that starts in the air sacs of the lungs. It's more common in smokers than non-smokers. Small cell carc...

 # Capacitation occurs in: A. Female genital tract B. Sertoli cells C. Rete testis D. Seminiferous tubules The correct answer is A. Female genital tract. Capacitation is the process that sperm undergo in the female reproductive tract to become able to fertilize an egg. It does not happen in the male reproductive organs.  Capacitation occurs in the female reproductive tract. It’s a crucial step in the maturation of mammalian spermatozoa, rendering them competent to fertilize an oocyte. During capacitation, the sperm undergo biochemical changes that prepare them for the acrosome reaction, allowing penetration of the egg’s outer layer for fertilization. So, the correct answer is A. Female genital tract.

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 # Which among the following is not a feature of Mediterranean anemia? A. Rodent like facies B. Fessa bodies C. Rib within rib appearance D. Platybasia The correct answer is D. Platybasia. Mediterranean anemia, also known as thalassemia, is a group of inherited blood disorders characterized by reduced or absent production of normal hemoglobin. This leads to various clinical manifestations, including skeletal changes due to bone marrow expansion. However, platybasia (flattening of the skull base) is not typically associated with thalassemia. Rodent-like facies: This is a characteristic of sickle cell anemia, not thalassemia. It refers to the overgrowth of the maxillary bones and protrusion of the upper incisors. Fessas bodies:  In heterozygotes, the disease is mild and is called thalassemia minor or thalassemia trait. It represents both α-and β-thalassemia. Homozygotes may exhibit a severe form of the disease that is called thalassemia major or homozygous -thalassemia, in which...

# All are features of Keratocystic odontogenic tumor EXCEPT: A. Most common location is the posterior body of the mandible B. Shows evidence of a cortical border, when not secondarily infected C. Internal structure is most commonly radiopaque D. Curved internal septa may be present The correct answer is C. Internal structure is most commonly radioopaque. Keratocystic odontogenic tumors (KCOTs) are benign but locally aggressive lesions. Their radiographic appearance is typically: Radiolucent: KCOTs appear as dark areas on radiographs, indicating that they are less dense than the surrounding bone. Well-defined borders: They usually have clear and distinct margins. Unilocular or multilocular: They can be single-chambered (unilocular) or multi-chambered (multilocular). Scalloped borders: The edges of the lesion may have a wavy or scalloped appearance. Curved septa: If multilocular, the internal septa may appear curved. Reference: Odontogenic keratocyst | Radiology Reference Article | Radi...

 # Soldering and welding is not possible in: Stainless steel wire Elgiloy Nitinol TMA The correct answer is C. Nitinol. Limitations of NiTi wires NiTi wires have very low formability in the clinical setting. These wires cannot be welded or soldered due to the passivating nature of titanium dioxide which is strongly adhered to the metal surface. The frictional forces in the nitinol wire are very high due to high Ti content, and therefore these wires are unsuitable for sliding tooth movements such as retraction on the wire. NiTi wires have highest nickel content among the appliances used in orthodontics which is 55%. Although they are greatly biocompatible, however, high nickel content could be disadvantageous by causing hypersensitive reactions. Reference: Orthodontics: Diagnosis and management of malocclusion and dentofacial deformities, OP Kharbanda, 2020

 Dabur Lal Dant Manjan is not fluoridated. It is an Ayurvedic toothpaste made with traditional herbs and ingredients. While it's popular in many countries, including India, its legal sale in the USA might be limited due to the lack of fluoride, which is a standard ingredient in toothpaste for cavity prevention. Here's why it's still sold legally in many countries: Cultural Preference: Ayurvedic practices are deeply ingrained in many cultures, and people trust and prefer traditional remedies like Dabur Lal Dant Manjan. Alternative Ingredients: While not containing fluoride, Dabur Lal Dant Manjan includes ingredients like clove and other herbs that are believed to have antibacterial and oral health benefits. Focus on Gum Health: Some users believe that the toothpaste is effective in maintaining gum health and preventing gum diseases. Lack of Awareness: In some regions, there might be a lack of awareness about the importance of fluoride in preventing tooth decay. Important No...