# Whenever the caries cone in enamel is larger or at least the same size as that in dentin, it is called as:

# Whenever the caries cone in enamel is larger or at least the same size as that in dentin, it is called as:
A. Residual caries
B. Recurrent caries
C. Forward caries
D. Backward caries

Forward Caries. Forward caries is where the caries cone in enamel is larger or at least the same size as that in dentin.

Backward Caries. When the spread of caries along the DEJ exceeds the caries in the contiguous enamel, caries extends into this enamel from the junction.

Ans is C: Forward caries (Ref: Sturdevant's Art and science of operative dentistry 4th ed., p 274)

# DPT vaccine does not provide immunity against:

# DPT vaccine does not provide immunity against:
A. Tetanus
B. Diphtheria
C. Polio
D. Whooping cough

The correct answer is C. Polio.

The vaccine DPT stands for Diphtheria, Pertusis (Whooping cough) and Tetanus. 

# I.V. Diazepam in a patient on a dental chair can cause: [AIIMS 2007 NOV]

# I.V. Diazepam in a patient on a dental chair can cause: [AIIMS 2007 NOV]
A. Tinel’s Sign
B. Verrill’s Sign
C. Bell’s sign
D. Coleman’s sign

The correct answer is B. Verrill's Sign.

Verrill's  sign has 3 Symptoms which indicate  the correct level after  diazepam sedation.

- 50% eyelid ptosis

- Blurring of vision

- Slurring of speech 

Verrill's Sign

# Tinel's Sign: Tinel sign was used earlier as an indicator of the start of the nerve regeneration. It is elicited by percussion over the divided nerve, which result in tingling sensation in part supplied by peripheral section.

# Coleman's sign: Seen in mandibular fractures. Ecchymosis in the lingual sulcus is pathognomic of mandibular fracture.

 # Bell's Sign: Bell's phenomenon (also known as the palpebral oculogyric reflex) is a medical sign that allows observers to notice an upward and outward movement of the eye, when an attempt is made to close the eyes. The upward movement of the eye is present in the majority of the population, and is a defensive mechanism. 

# Local anesthetic with adrenaline if injected intravenously, what will be the result? ( AIIMS 2014, AIPG 2013)

# Local anesthetic with adrenaline if injected intravenously, what will be the result? ( AIIMS 2014, AIPG 2013)
A. Hypertension with Tachycardia
B. Hypotension with Tachycardia
C. Hypotension with Bradycardia
D. Hypertension with Bradycardia

The correct Answer is: A. Hypertension with Tachycardia.

 # In a hypertensive patient on B-blockers, an injection of Local anesthesia + Adrenaline will cause:
A. Hypertension and Tachycardia
B. Hypertension and Bradycardia
C. Hypotension and Tachycardia
D. Hypotension and Bradycardia

The correct answer is B. Hypertension and Bradycardia.

• There are two separate drug interaction considerations with local anesthetics, the anesthetic itself and the vasoconstrictor.

• Hypertensive events have been documented in patients taking B blockers, Furazolidone, Tricyclic antidepressants, methyl dopa, and the antihypertensive drugs guanethidine and Rauwolfia alkaloids.

• Beta blocker interactions are potentially the most serious ones and cause hypertension and bradycardia.