Bifid ribs and Falx Cerebri Calcification

# Bifid ribs, multiple radiolucent lesions of the jaws, multiple basal cell nevi and falx ceribri calcification are found in (Man 98, 97)
a) Basal cell nevus syndrome
b) Sturge weber syndrome
c) Horner syndrome
d) Hereditary internal polyposis

The correct answer is A. Basal cell nevus syndrome.

Basal cell nevus syndrome is also called as Gorlin Goltz syndrome.

Horner's syndrome is characterized by miosis, ptosis and anhidrosis over face due to interruption of sudomotor and vasomotor control.

Hereditary intestinal polyposis is seen in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome.

Most aggresive odontogenic tumor

# Which of the following tumors is most aggressive? (AIPG 91, AIIMS2004)
a) Ameloblastoma
b) Odontoma
c) Odontogenic myxoma
d) Fibrocarcinoma

The answer is C. Odontogenic myxoma

ODONTOGENIC MYXOMAS

Aggressive, intraosseous neoplasms derived from embryonic odontogenic mesenchyme probably arise from the dental papilla or follicular mesenchyme. Nearly all lesions are found in the tooth bearing areas of maxillary and mandibular bone.

Mandibular lesions are commonly found in the premolar-molar area. The lesions often produce multilocular radiolucency with a "soap bubble' or "honey comb" appearance in the bone.

Thin and extremely delicate septa of bone are often seen to course through the radiolucent area and produce a "spider- web" like or "tennis racket" like appearance.

 (Ref: Shafer's Textbook of oral pathology 7h ed., p 299)

Type II Diabetes Causes

# Obesity, genetic profile, and aging all contribute to the development of Type II diabetes. Of the following, which is the most important additive factor for these three conditions in the development of Type II diabetes?

A. elevated hepatic ketogenesis
B. elevated pancreatic glucagon secretion
C. impaired renal clearance of glucose
D. muscle resistance to insulin

Answer: D - Muscle resistance to insulin is the most important additive factor for these three conditions in the development of Type II diabetes. The progressive loss of skeletal muscle sensitivity to insulin leads to increased rates of visceral cell lipolysis and pancreatic beta-cell compensation.

Parasympathetic Cranial nerves

# # All of cranial nerve have parasympathetic outflow except :
A. 5th nerve
B. 7th nerve
C. 3rd neve
D. 9th nerve

The correct answer is A. 5th nerve

Cranial nerves having parasympathetic now are 3,7,9 and 10.

Preganglionic parasympathetic neuron cell bodies are located in certain cranial nerve nuclei of the brain stem and in the grey matter of the second to fourth sacral segments of the spinal cord. Efferent fibres, which are myelinated, emerge from the CNS only in cranial nerves III, VII, IX, and X and in the second to fourth sacral spinal nerves. Preganglionic parasympathetic neurons are cholinergic. 

The only cranial nerve which arises on the dorsal aspect   -       Trochlear

The cranial nerve with longest intracranial coarse              -        Abducent

The cranial nerve with longest coarse                                 -       Vagus

The cranial nerve involved in raised intracranial tension   -       Abducent nerve

Cranial nerve carrying parasympathetic fibres                      -       3,7,9,10

Commonest cranial nerve affected in spinal anesthesia     -       Abducent nerve

Cranial nerve involved in Bell's palsy                                 -       VII Nerve

Cranial nerve involved in Ramsay Hunt Syndrome             -       VII nerve

Cranial nerve arising from the pons                                    -     V, VI, VII, VII nerves

Pure sensory nerves                                                          -       1,2,8

Branchiomeric nerves                                                       -       5.7.9,10,11