Initiator/accelerator systems needed for a light activated composite

 # Which of the following initiator/accelerator systems is needed for a light activated composite?

A. Peroxide amine

B. Diketone amine

C. Organic acid –peroxide

D. Organic acid- metal ion

The correct answer is B. Diketone Amine.

The light-cure process is activated when a diketone photosensitizer such as camphorquinone (CQ) absorbs a quantum of blue light and forms an excited-state complex (exciplex) with an electron donor such as an amine (e.g., dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate [DMAEMA]).

Ref: Phillip’s science of Dental Materials, 12th Edition, Page no. 289

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Most difficult teeth to anesthetize with irreversible pulpitis

 # What are the most difficult teeth to anesthetize with irreversible pulpitis?

a. maxillary molars

b. mandibular molars

c. maxillary anterior teeth

d. maxillary premolars

The correct answer is B. Mandibular molars.

With irreversible pulpitis, the teeth most difficult to anesthetize are the mandibular molars, followed by (in order) the mandibular and maxillary premolars, maxillary molars, mandibular anterior teeth, and maxillary anterior teeth.

Ref: Endodontics Principles and Practice, Torabinejad, Fifth Edition, Page e26

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Which of the following is classified as a procedural accident?

 # Which of the following is classified as a procedural accident?

a. Extensive caries preventing adequate rubber dam isolation

b. Inability to obtain reliable pulp testing results

c. A separated instrument

d. Swelling after nonsurgical root canal treatment

The correct answer is C. A separated instrument.

Procedural accidents are one reason for referral and are a direct result of treatment rather than preoperative conditions, diagnostic testing, or postoperative symptoms. A separated instrument is one of the most difficult accidents to correct.

Ref: Endodontics Principles and Practice, Torabinejad, Fifth Edition, Page e17

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Akhanda Smile Dental Clinic, Buddhachowk, Bharatpur Chitwan

 Name of Dental Clinic: Akhanda Smile Dental Clinic

Address: Buddhachowk, Bharatpur Chitwan (nearby BPKMCH)

Year of Establishment: 2018

Name of the chief Dental Surgeon: Dr. Laxman Poudel (21377), Dr. Shishir Poudel(20942)

CONTACT NUMBER: 9862448924

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Arch length space for the eruption of permanent mandibular second and third molars is created by:

 # Arch length space for the eruption of permanent mandibular second and third molars is created by:

A. Apposition of the alveolar process

B. Apposition of the anterior border of ramus

C. Resorption of the anterior border of ramus

D. Resorption at the posterior border of ramus

The correct answer is C. Resorption of the anterior border of ramus.

Nowhere is there a better example of remodeling resorption than in the backward movement of the ramus of the mandible. The mandible grows longer by apposition of new bone on the posterior surface of the ramus. At the same time, large quantities of bone are removed from the anterior surface of the ramus. In essence, the body of the mandible grows longer as the ramus moves away from the chin, and this occurs by removal of bone from the anterior surface of the ramus and deposition of bone on the posterior surface. 

In infancy, the ramus is located at about the spot where the primary first molar will erupt. Progressive posterior remodeling creates space for the second primary molar and then for the sequential eruption of the permanent molar teeth. More often than not, however, this growth ceases before enough space has been created for the eruption of the third permanent molar, which becomes impacted in the ramus. 

Ref: Contemporary Orthodontics, Proffit, 4th Edition, Page no 47

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Facial plane in Lateral Cephalogram:

 # In a lateral cephalogram, facial plane runs from:

A. Nasion to pogonion

B. Nasion to gnathion

C. Sella to gnathion

D. Nasion to ANS

The correct answer is A. Nasion to Pogonion. 

Facial plane: It is a line from the anterior point of the frontonasal suture (nasion) to the most anterior point of the mandible (pogonion). 

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Condition always present in a class II div 2 malocclusion

 # Which of the following conditions is always present in a class II div 2 malocclusion?

A. Open bite

B. Crossbite

C. Deep bite

D. Closed bite

The correct answer is C. Deep Bite. 

Some children exhibit a skeletal vertical deficiency (short face), almost always in conjunction with an anterior deep bite and some degree of mandibular deficiency and often with a Class II, division 2 malocclusion. Skeletally, the condition often can be described as Class II rotated to Class I. The reduced face height is often accompanied by everted and prominent lips that would be appropriate if the face height were normal. Children with a vertical deficiency can be identified at an early age. 

Ref: Contemporary Orthodontics, Proffit, 4th Edition, page no. 534

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