PGCEE MDS 2022: Sicca complex is associated with:

 # Sicca complex is associated with:

A. Primary Sjogren’s syndrome

B. Secondary Sjogren’s syndrome

C. Peutz Jeghers syndrome

D. Plummer Vinson Syndrome

The correct answer is A. Primary Sjogren's syndrome.

Primary Sjogren's syndrome (Sicca complex)

- When the disease affects only salivary and lacrimal glands without other co-existing systemic autoimmune diseases, it is called primary Sjogren's syndrome or Sicca complex. Primary Sjogren's syndrome is also referred to as "sicca syndrome" in which dry mouth (xerostomia) and dry eyes (xerophthalmia or keratoconjunctivitis sicca) are the principal features. 

Secondary Sjogren's syndrome 

Secondary sjogren's syndrome characteristically has xerostomia, xerophthalmia and an associated autoimmune connective tissue disease, usually the rheumatoid arthritis, SLE, scleroderma, polyarteritis nodosa etc. Patients with sicca complex and Sjogren's syndrome have sera antisalivary duct antibody. In addition, They are found to be associated with the HLA system, specifically HLA-DR3 and HLA-B8 which are associated with primary form of the disease and HLA-DRw52 is seen to be associated with both the forms of Sjogren's syndrome. 

Mobility of teeth in carcinoma of maxillary sinus is due to involvement of

 # Mobility of teeth in carcinoma of maxillary sinus is due to involvement of ___________ by tumor.

A. Anterior wall of the sinus

B. Posterior wall of the sinus

C. Roof of the sinus

D. Floor of the sinus

The correct answer is D. Floor of the sinus.

The clinical features of the neoplasm depend on the direction of spread of the neoplasm or the involvement of the surrounding structures. The floor of the sinus is associated with oral structures like mobility of teeth. Medial wall involvement causes nasal obstruction. Superior wall involvement produces displacement of the eyes. Lateral wall involvement produces bulging of the cheek. 

Flumazenil can reverse the action of:

 # Flumazenil can reverse the action of:

A. Fentanyl

B. Propofol

C. Ketamine

D. Midazolam

The correct answer is D. Midazolam.

Flumazenil is a benzodiazepine (BZD) antagonist. It competes with benzodiazepine agonists and inverse agonists for the benzodiazepine receptor and reverses their depressant or stimulant effects respectively. Flumazenil abolishes the hypnogenic, psychomotor, cognitive and EEG effects of benzodiazepines. Among the options provided, Midazolam is a benzodiazepine. 

Uses: 

• To reverse benzodiazepine anaesthesia 

• Benzodiazepine overdose 

Jannetta procedure is done in:

 # Jannetta procedure is done in:

A. Bell’s palsy

B. Trigeminal neuralgia

C. Herpes Zoster

D. Paresthesias

The correct answer is B. Trigeminal neuralgia.

Microvascular decompression (MVD), also known as the Jannetta procedure, is a neurosurgical procedure used to treat trigeminal neuralgia (along with other cranial nerve neuralgias) a pain syndrome characterized by severe episodes of intense facial pain, and hemifacial spasm. The procedure is also used experimentally to treat tinnitus and vertigo caused by vascular compression on the vestibulocochlear nerve.

Angle between Frankfort horizontal plane and occlusal plane is:

 # Angle between FH plane and Occlusal plane is:

A. 1 degree

B. 10 degrees

C. 27 degrees

D. Parallel to each other

The correct answer is B. 10 degrees.

This is from Down's analysis. The cant measures the slope of occlusal plane to the Frankfort horizontal plane. When the anterior part of plane is lower than the posterior, the angle would be positive. Large positive angles are found in Class II facial patterns. A long mandibular ramus also tends to decrease this angle. The mean value is +9.3° with a range of +1.5° to +9.3°. 

Under metabolic conditions associated with a high rate of fatty acid oxidation, liver produces

 # Under metabolic conditions associated with a high rate of fatty acid oxidation, liver produces:

A. Glutamate

B. Acetoacetate

C. Cholesterol

D. Glycine

The correct answer is B. Acetoacetate.

- The ketone body formation occurs primarily due to non-availability of carbohydrates to the tissues and excessive utilization of fatty acids to meet the energy requirements of the cells. 

- Acetone, Acetoacetate and Beta-hydroxybutyrate are the ketone bodies. 

- Glucagon stimulates ketogenesis whereas insulin inhibits ketogenesis. 

Delhi boil refers to:

 # Delhi boil refers to:

A. Solar keratosis

B. Malignant pustule

C. Leishmania Tropica

D. Venereal ulcer

The correct answer is C. Leishmania Tropica.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (also known as oriental sore, tropical sore, chiclero ulcer, chiclero's ulcer or Aleppo boil) are sores resulting from a tropical infection by protozoa of the genus Leishmania which are spread by sandflies. Delhi boil is a chronic inflammatory disease, most commonly met with in India, especially towards the end of the wet season. The common staphylococcal skin infections- Furunculosis of the external auditory meatus is extremely painful, as the skin is attached to the underlying cartilage, and swelling is accompanied by considerable tension.