Which of the following teeth have more than one occlusal form?

 # Which of the following teeth have more than one occlusal form?

A. Maxillary first premolar

B. Maxillary second premolar

C. Maxillary first molar

D. Mandibular first molar

The correct answer is C. Maxillary first molar.

The maxillary first molar is the largest tooth in volume and one of the most complex in root and canal anatomy. The pulp chamber is widest in the buccolingual dimension, and four pulp horns are present (mesiobuccal, mesiopalatal, distobuccal, and distopalatal). The pulpchamber's cervical outline form has a rhomboid shape, sometimes with rounded corners. The mesiobuccal angle is an acute angle; the distobuccal angle is an obtuse angle; and the palatal angles are basically right angles. 

Commonest site for venous ulcer is:

 # Commonest site for venous ulcer is:

A. Instep of foot

B. Lower 1/3rd leg and ankle

C. Lower 2/3rd of leg

D. Middle 1/3rd of leg

The correct answer is B. Lower 1/3rd leg and ankle.

Venous ulcer is the commonest ulcer of the leg. The basic cause of venous ulcer is abnormal venous hypertension in the lower-third of the leg, ankle and dorsum of the foot. This ulcer may be associated with demonstrable varicose veins or may follow thrombosis and phlebitis in the deep and perforating veins. 

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is present in:

 # Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is present in:

A. Soyabean oil

B. Corn oil

C. Sunflower oil

D. Fish oil

The correct answer is D. Fish oil.

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is one of several omega-3 fatty acids. It is found in cold-water fatty fish, such as salmon. It is also found in fish oil supplements, along with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Omega-3 fatty acids are part of a healthy diet that helps lower risk of heart disease.

Which of the following cements have highest water solubility?

 # Which of the following cements have highest water solubility? 

A. Zinc phosphate 

B. Zinc oxide eugenol 

C. Zinc silicophosphate 

D. Zinc polycarboxylate 

The correct answer is C. Zinc silicophosphate.

Of the given choices, ZOE cements have the highest solubility in oral environment. But, water solubility of ZOE is less while that of silicophosphate is quite high. The oral solubility is different from water solubility. This is because the oral environment is mildly acidic while the water is neutral. Thus, in oral environment, ZOE has maximum solubility while in water, silicophosphate has maximum water solubility.

Tumor suppressor gene in head and neck cancer is:

 # Tumor suppressor gene in head and neck cancer is: 

A. Erb-b 

B. C-myc 

C. Bcl 

D. p16INK4A 

The correct answer is D. p16INK4A.

Tumor suppressor genes have been associated with sites of chromosome abnormalities where loss of genetic nucleic segments has been reported to commonly involve chromosome arms 3p, 4q, 8p, 9p, 11q, 13q, and 17p. TSGs involved in HNSCC are P53, Rb (retinoblastoma), and p16INK4A. Other candidates include FHIT (fragile histidine triad), APC (adenomatous polyposis coli), DOC1 VHL (gene for von Hippel‐Lindau syndrome), and TGF‐R‐II (gene for transforming growth factor type II receptor).

Ref: Burket's Oral Medicine, 13th Edition.

Non scrappable white papules intermixed with areas of erythema and erosion most likely falls under:

 # Non scrappable white papules intermixed with areas of erythema and erosion most likely falls under: 

A. Candidiasis 

B. Erythroleukoplakia 

C. Leukoplakia 

D. Erythroplakia 

The correct answer is B. Erythroleukoplakia.

The term 'non homogeneous' is ascribed to lesions with two different features, usually having both red and white areas, but also to all those without redness but containing verruciform exophytic elements. Due to the combined appearance of white and red areas, the nonhomogeneous oral leukoplakia has also been called erythroleukoplakia and speckled leucoplakia. The clinical manifestation of the white component may vary from large white verrucous areas to small nodular structures. If the surface texture is homogeneous but contains verrucous, papillary (nodular), or exophytic components, the leukoplakia is also regarded as nonhomogeneous.

The glycoprotein antigen chiefly detected in pemphigoids is:

 # The glycoprotein antigen chiefly detected in pemphigoids is: 

A. BP 180 and 230 

B. DSG 2 and 3 

C. BP 130 and 280 

D. DSG 1 and 4 

The correct answer is A. BP 180 and 230.

Bullous Pemphigoid is an autoimmune disease caused by the binding of autoantibodies to specific antigens found in the lamina lucida region of the basement membrane on the hemidesmosomes of epithelial basal cells. These antigens are glycoproteins referred to as bullous pemphigoid antigens, BP 180 and BP 230. Binding of antibody to antigen activates both leukocytes and complement, causing localized damage to the basement membrane, resulting in vesicle formation in the subepithelial region.