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# The pathological state that alters the volume of distribution of many drugs is:

  # The pathological state that alters the volume of distribution of many drugs is:
A. Septicemia
B. Duodenal ulcers
C. Congestive heart failure
D. Hypertension


The correct answer is C. Congestive heart failure.

In congestive heart failure the volume distribution is often decreased by 40% and loading doses of drugs should be appropriately reduced. Drug clearance may also be diminished due to decreased blood flow to the liver and kidneys. 

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