Dentosphere : World of Dentistry

Our Conference venue is White Elegance Palace, Dharan.   Stay comfortably close to the venue! Here are our recommended hotels for your convenience: 1.  Hotel Brick Address:  Sainik Chowk, Dharan, Sunsari, Nepal Phone:  +977 9769703533 Distance:  1 Kilometer CLICK HERE TO VIEW REVIEWS ON GOOGLE 2.  Hotel Meriken Address:  Dharan-15, Ramlaxman Marga, Dharan, Sunsari, Nepal Phone:  +977 9761003570 Distance:  2.6 Kilometer CLICK HERE TO VIEW REVIEWS ON GOOGLE 3. Hotel Star Purwi Address:  Chatara Line, Dharan, Sunsari, Nepal Phone:  +977 9817302498 / +977 9840070025 Distance:  750 meters CLICK HERE TO VIEW REVIEWS ON GOOGLE Non AC Single @ Rs. 1600 AC Twin Double @ Rs. 2500 AC Deluxe Tripe Sharing @ Rs. 2500 AC Deluxe Master Bedrooms @ Rs. 2200 4.  New Dreamland Hotel & Lodge Address:  Dhankute Road, Dharan, Sunsari, Nepal Phone:  +977 25 525024, +977 25 575024, +977 25 575300 Distance:  1 Kilometer CLICK HE...

 The Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ) and the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) are both used to assess treatment need. Which component of the IOTN is most directly correlated with the patient-reported concerns measured by the PIDAQ? A. The Treatment Complexity Index (TCI) B. The Aesthetic Component (AC) C. The Dental Health Component (DHC) D. The Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) Index  The correct answer is B. The Aesthetic Component (AC) The PIDAQ assesses patient-reported psychosocial impacts (e.g., psychological, social, and aesthetic self-consciousness) stemming from perceived dental aesthetics, making it a subjective, condition-specific OHRQoL tool. The IOTN's Aesthetic Component (AC) directly evaluates subjective aesthetic impairment via a 10-point visual scale of anterior teeth appearance (clinician-rated but perception-based), aligning closely with PIDAQ's focus on self-perceived concerns. Validation studies consistently use AC for ...

 # Based on current, high-level evidence, which occlusal feature has demonstrated the strongest, albeit weak, statistical association with an increased prevalence of pain-related Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD)? A. Anterior Open Bite B. Class II Division 2 Malocclusion C. Overjet greater or equal to 6 mm D. Posterior Unilateral Crossbite The correct answer is  D. Posterior Unilateral Crossbite High-level evidence from systematic reviews, such as the 2025 review by Alghamdi et al. in Frontiers in Neurology (analyzing 17 studies on children/adolescents), identifies posterior unilateral crossbite as having the strongest association with pain-related TMD signs/symptoms, including TMJ/muscle pain and tenderness. Pooled data show odds ratios (ORs) of 2.25–5.74 (95% CIs: 1.15–4.43 to 1.18–27.85; p<0.05 across studies like Pereira et al. 2009 and Perrotta et al. 2018), indicating a 2–6-fold increased risk, though with low GRADE certainty due to cross-sectional designs and hetero...

The primary mechanism by which severe mandibular incisor crowding is hypothesized to independently increase the risk of localized periodontal breakdown, beyond confounding factors like poor hygiene, is: A. Increased horizontal force application on the periodontium B. Increased localized tooth mobility secondary to reduced bone support C. Reduced access for optimal plaque control by the patient D. Development of fenestrations and dehiscences due to tooth displacement The correct answer is  D. Development of fenestrations and dehiscences due to tooth displacement Severe mandibular incisor crowding causes teeth to displace or rotate within the alveolar housing, violating bone constraints and leading to cortical plate resorption. This results in fenestrations (narrow bone defects exposing root surfaces) and dehiscences (wider marginal defects causing gingival recession and reduced bone support), increasing localized periodontal breakdown risk independently of plaque accumulation or hy...

Which of the following overjet thresholds has been most consistently supported by systematic reviews as the primary determinant for a clinically significant increase in the risk of maxillary incisor trauma in the mixed dentition? A. Overjet greater or equal to 1.5 mm  B. Overjet greater or equal to 6 mm  C. Overjet greater or equal to 3 mm D. Overjet greater or equal to 4.5 mm The correct answer is:  C. Overjet greater or equal to 3 mm Systematic reviews, including Nguyen et al. (1999) in the European Journal of Orthodontics , show that an overjet ≥3 mm approximately doubles the risk of maxillary incisor trauma in children, including mixed dentition, based on a meta-analysis of 11 studies (pooled OR ≈2.0). This threshold is consistently cited as the point where risk significantly increases, with ORs ranging from 1.94 to 5.19 in mixed dentition per Arraj et al. (2019) in Dental Traumatology (41 studies). Later reviews, like Pandis et al. (2022) in the British Dental Jour...

CLICK HERE FOR REGISTRATION TO MAIN CONFERENCE CLICK HERE TO REGISTER FOR PRECONFERENCE WORKSHOPS   Calling all orthodontists, residents, and dental pros! The 16th International Orthodontic Conference of ODOAN is landing in Dharan, Nepal on Nov 15, 2025 – your ultimate hub for cutting-edge insights, networking, and innovation in orthodontics! 🌟 Don't miss the exclusive Pre-Conference Workshops on Nov 14: Workshop 1: In-Office Aligners with Dr. Abhishek Gupta (Master digital smiles!) Workshop 2: Self-Ligation & TADs for Complex Malocclusions with Dr. Abhishek Ghosh (Tackle tough cases like a pro!) Early Bird rates extended till Oct 15 – register NOW and save big! PG residents: As low as NPR 7500 for main + NPR 2000 for both workshops. International? Just $90-100 USD entry! After October 15, $120 only. Join 100s of global experts, ignite your practice, and explore Nepal's vibes. Spots filling fast – secure yours today! BANK DETAILS FOR PAYMENT OF REGISTRATION FEES CLICK HERE...

The spontaneous production of an electric current resulting from two dissimilar metals in the oral cavity is called: A. Nuclear reaction B. Galvanic action C. Precipitation reaction D. Thermodynamics The correct answer is  B. Galvanic action Galvanic action, also known as oral galvanism, occurs when two dissimilar metals in the oral cavity contact saliva (an electrolyte), forming a battery-like setup that generates a spontaneous electric current. This can cause symptoms like metallic taste, pain, or tissue irritation. Studies and dental resources confirm this electrochemical process is specific to bimetallic interactions in the mouth, distinguishing it from unrelated options: nuclear reactions (subatomic), precipitation (ion formation), and thermodynamics (energy principles).

 # Which of the following materials has been shown to stimulate reparative dentine formation most effectively when applied to the pulpal wall of a very deep cavity? A. Copalite varnish B. Calcium hydroxide preparation C. Zinc phosphate cement D. Anhydrous glass ionomer cement The correct answer is  B. Calcium hydroxide preparation Calcium hydroxide has been established as the gold standard for stimulating reparative dentin formation in deep cavities near the pulp. It promotes odontoblast differentiation and dentin bridge formation by releasing calcium ions, which enhance fibronectin expression and mineralization. Studies, including clinical reviews, show success rates of around 83% for indirect pulp capping with calcium hydroxide. In comparison: A. Copalite varnish : Acts as a protective liner to reduce irritation but does not induce reparative dentin. C. Zinc phosphate cement : Provides thermal insulation as a base but lacks bioactive properties for dentin stimulation. ...

If you need to arrange / reschedule any appointment with Dr. Raman Dhungel,  BDS (BPKIHS), MDS Resident Department of Orthodontics, BPKIHS Dharan, then you can message on Whatsapp (+9779803027654) or call on +9779803027654/+9779849510059. Call only when absolutely necessary and preferably at 6:00 PM to 8:00 PM. 

Difference in the amount of space needed for the accommodation of the incisors and amount of space available for them is known as: A. Primate space B. Leeway Space of Nance C. Anthropoid space D. Incisal liability D. Incisal liability Incisal liability, also known as incisor liability, describes the space discrepancy in the mixed dentition phase where the permanent incisors require more mesiodistal width (typically 7 mm in the maxillary arch and 5 mm in the mandibular arch) than the primary incisors they replace, creating a potential crowding issue that must be accommodated by factors like interdental spacing, arch perimeter changes, or leeway space. This is distinct from primate space (A, developmental space distal to the lateral incisor), leeway space of Nance (B, difference between deciduous and permanent molars/canines), and anthropoid space (C, a less common term sometimes used interchangeably with primate space in non-human primates). 

Type of crowding that is genetically determined and is caused by disproportionately sized teeth and jaws: A. Primary crowding B. Secondary crowding C. Tertiary crowding D. Environmental crowding The correct answer is A. Primary crowding.  Primary crowding refers to a type of dental crowding caused by a genetic discrepancy in tooth and jaw sizes, such as larger teeth relative to the jaw, leading to misalignment. This contrasts with secondary crowding, which results from environmental factors like early tooth loss, and tertiary crowding, which involves late-stage incisor irregularities. Environmental crowding isn't a standard classification but aligns with secondary causes.

Which of the following is the least biocompatible? A. TMA B. Elgiloy C. Stainless steel D. Cu-NiTi The correct answer is B. Elgiloy. Elgiloy (a cobalt-chromium-nickel alloy) is the least biocompatible among the options due to its higher nickel content (14-16%) compared to stainless steel (8%), leading to greater nickel and chromium ion release in simulated oral environments. Studies show it induces significant neurotoxicity via necrosis, elevated oxidative stress, and higher cytotoxicity (2.7-fold increase in dead cells) relative to stainless steel (apoptosis, 1.7-fold dead cells), TMA (variable but generally low ion release and non-toxic), and Cu-NiTi (lower ion release and minimal cytotoxicity). This increases risks of allergic reactions and tissue irritation in orthodontic use.

 # What is facial divergence? A. Relation of maxilla to mandible B. Lower face inclination in relation to the forehead C. Relation of mandible to forehead D. Relation of lower face with cranial base The correct answer is B. Lower face inclination in relation to the forehead Examination of facial divergence is done by viewing the patient from the side. Facial divergence is often influenced by patient’s ethnicity and racial background. For instance, convex profile with an anterior facial divergence is a normal feature of negroid race groups. Facial divergence is defined as an anterior or posterior inclination of mandible (lower face) relative to the forehead. Assessment of facial divergence is done by a line drawn from the forehead to the chin. Facial divergence of an individual may fall into any one of the following three types: 1. Straight/orthognathic—A line drawn from forehead to chin is almost straight. 2. Anterior facial divergence—The line drawn from forehead to the chin is ...