Medication required preoperatively for a patient with mitral valve replacement

 # Which of the following medication is required preoperatively for a patient with mitral valve replacement?

A. Ampicillin

B. Cloxacillin

C. Benzathine penicillin

D. Procaine penicillin

The correct answer is: A. Ampicillin. 

Cardiac Conditions Associated with the Highest Risk of Adverse Outcome from Endocarditis for Which Prophylaxis with Dental Procedures Is Recommended

• Prosthetic cardiac valve

• Previous infective endocarditis

• Congenital heart disease (CHD)*

-Unrepaired cyanotic CHD, including palliative shunts and conduits

- Completely repaired congenital heart defect with prosthetic material or device, whether placed by surgery or by catheter intervention, during the first 6 months after the procedure†

- Repaired CHD with residual defects at the site or adjacent to the site of a prosthetic patch or prosthetic device (which inhibit endothelialization)

• Cardiac transplant recipients who have cardiac valvulopathy

*Except for the conditions listed above, antibiotic prophylaxis is no longer recommended for any other form of CHD.

†Prophylaxis is recommended because endothelialization of prosthetic material occurs within 6 months after the procedure.

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The CAT in pediatric dentistry is:

 # The CAT in pediatric dentistry is:

A. Caries activity test

B. Caries Advancement Test

C. Caries risk assessment tool

D. Child Aptitude Test

The correct answer is: C. Caries risk assessment tool.

The American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD) recognizes that caries-risk assessment and management protocols, also called care pathways, can assist clinicians with decisions regarding treatment based upon child’s age, caries risk, and patient compliance and are essential elements of contemporary clinical care for infants, children, and adolescents. These recommendations are intended to educate healthcare providers and other interested parties on the assessment of caries risk in contemporary pediatric dentistry and aid in clinical decision-making regarding evidence- and risk-based diagnostic, fluoride, dietary, and restorative protocols.

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A stone present in salivary duct leads to:

 # A stone present in salivary duct leads to:

A. Hyperplasia of salivary gland

B. Hyperplasia of salivary duct

C. Dysplasia of salivary gland

D. Metaplasia of salivary duct

The correct answer is D. Metaplasia of salivary duct.

The duct associated with sialolithiasis exhibits squamous, oncocytic or mucus cell metaplasia.

- Periductal inflammation may also be seen. 

Sialolith is most common in submandibular glands. The main composition of sialoliths found in salivary glands is Calcium phosphate - 75%.

The higher rate of sialolith formation (80-90% of cases) occur in submandibular gland due to:

- Tortuous course of Wharton's duct.

- Higher calcium and phosphate levels

- The saliva from this gland is secreted into oral cavity through ducts against gravity that make them more prone to stasis

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Treatment of recurrent ranula is:

 # Treatment of recurrent ranula is:

A. Incision

B. Excision

C. Excision with adjacent glands

D. Marsupialization

The correct answer is: C. Excision with adjacent glands.

Treatment for recurrent ranula is enucleation of mucocele involving mucous gland and surrounding tissue.

Large ranulas can be best treated by marsupialization whereas the recurrent ranulas are best treated by sublingual gland excision. 

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