Typical consequences of dental crowding

 # Which of the following are typical consequences of dental crowding; assuming no primary teeth has been lost prematurely?
A. Overlapping of lower incisors
B. Palatal displacement of upper canines
C. Impaction of 15 and 25 between first premolars and first molars
D. Mesial tipping of 16 and 26



The correct answer is A. Overlapping of lower incisors.

A child with a generalized arch length discrepancy of 2-4mm and no prematurely missing primary teeth can be expected to have moderately crowded incisors. Unless the incisors are severely  protrusive, the long-term plan would be generalized expansion of the arch to align the teeth.

Contemporary Orthodontics, Proffit, Fourth Edition Page 247

If a first molar is lost, the second molar drifts to the:

 # If a first molar is lost, the second molar drifts to the:
A. Distal
B. Mesial 
C. Buccal
D. Lingual



The correct answer is B. Mesial.

When a first permanent molar is lost during childhood or adolescence and not replaced, the second molar drifts mesially and the premolars often tip distally and rotate as space opens between them. 

Ref: Contemporary Orthodontics, Fourth Edition, Page 639.

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 Name of Dental Clinic: Shanti Pharmacy and Advance Dental Care
Address (Full): Biratnagar, Hospital chowk
Year of Establishment: 2071
Name of the chief Dental Surgeon: Dr Ravi Acharya
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Best X ray view for TMJ is

 # Best X ray view for TMJ is:
A. Lateral skull
B. Lateral oblique
C. Transpharyngeal
D. Panoramic




The correct answer is C. Transpharyngeal.

Transpharyngeal:
Main indications
The main clinical indications include:
- TMJ pain dysfunction syndrome
- To investigate the presence of joint disease, particularly osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis
- To investigate pathological conditions affecting the condylar head, including cysts or tumours
- Fractures of the neck and head of the condyle.

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