Founder of Modern Dentistry

 # Who is the founder of modern dentistry?

A. Edward H angle

B. Norman Kingsley

C. Aulius Cornelius Celsius

D. Pierre Fauchard

The correct answer is: D. Pierre Fauchard.

Pierre Fauchard (January 2, 1679 – March 21, 1761) was a French physician, credited as being the "father of modern dentistry". He is widely known for writing the first complete scientific description of dentistry, Le Chirurgien Dentiste ("The Surgeon Dentist"), published in 1728. The book described basic oral anatomy and function, signs and symptoms of oral pathology, operative methods for removing decay and restoring teeth, periodontal disease (pyorrhea), orthodontics, replacement of missing teeth, and tooth transplantation. 

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Bilateral balanced occlusion concept is given by:

 # Bilateral balanced occlusion concept is given by:

A. Von Spee and Monson

B. GV Black

C.  D Van

D. Sturdevant

The correct answer is A. Von Spee and Monson.

This is a type of occlusion that is seen when simultaneous contact occurs on both sides in centric and eccentric positions. Bilateral balanced occlusion helps to distribute the occlusal load evenly across the arch and therefore helps to improve stability of the denture during centric, eccentric or parafunctional movements. For minimal occlusal balance, there should be at least three points of contact on the occlusal plane. More the number of contacts, better the balance. Bilateral balanced occlusion can be protrusive or lateral balance.

There are two types of compensating curves namely:

• Anteroposterior curves

• Lateral curves

Curve of Spee, Wilson’s curve and Monson’s curve are associated only with natural dentition. In complete dentures compensating curves similar to these curves should be incorporated to produce balanced occlusion.

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The advantage of metal base denture is:

 # The advantage of metal base denture is:

A. Increase in tissue tolerance

B. Easy laboratory procedure

C. Rebasing and relining are quite easy

D. Increase in restorative cost

The correct answer is A. Increase in tissue tolerance.

Advantages of metal denture base

1. Mandibular dentures are heavier. So the retention and stability are improved.
2. Improved thermal conductivity gives good sensory interpretation.
3. They are strong even in thin sections. Thin sections are very comfortable for the patient.
4. Easier to maintain.

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Indirect retainers of partial denture:

 # Indirect retainers of partial denture:

A. Engages undercut areas

B. Most effective when close to direct retainer

C. Must be constructed with flexible materials like plastics

D. Should resist rotatory forces about fulcrum

The correct answer is D. Should resist rotatory forces about fulcrum.

Indirect retainers of a partial denture are designed to prevent rotational movement of the denture around the fulcrum line. They help stabilize the denture and distribute occlusal forces more evenly. The correct function of indirect retainers is to resist these rotatory forces about the fulcrum.

Therefore, the correct answer is:

D. Should resist rotatory forces about fulcrum.

When the distal extension denture base is dislodged from its basal seat, it tends to rotate around the fulcrum lines. Theoretically, this movement away from the tissues can be resisted by activation of the direct retainer, the stabilizing components of the clasp assembly, and the rigid components of the partial denture framework, which are located on definite rests on the opposite side of the fulcrum line away from the distal extension base. These components are referred to as indirect retainers. Indirect retainer

components should be placed as far as possible from the distal extension base, which provides the best leverage advantage against dislodgment. 

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