First order bends are:

 # First order bends are: 

a) Tipping bends. 

b) Torquing bends. 

c) In and out bends. 

d) Anchorage bends. 

The correct answer is C. In and out bends.

First Order Bends

The first order bends or in-out bends are placed to compensate for differences in the buccolingual prominence of the teeth. They comprise of the lateral inset, the canine offset and the molar offset.

Second Order Bends

The second order bends are placed to achieve correct mesiodistal axial inclination of teeth. They comprise the tip back bends placed in the posterior segments.

Third Order Bends

The third order bends or torque are placed to get correct buccolingual position by moving the roots. They are placed by twisting the arch wire. 

What tends to maintain the integrity of a bone implant interface?

 

# _______ tend to maintain the integrity of a bone implant interface:

a. Compressive force 

b. tensile force 

c. Shear force 

d. All the above 

The correct answer is A. Compressive force.

Forces may be described as compressive, tensile, or shear. Compressive forces attempt to push masses toward each other. Tensile forces pull objects apart. Shear forces on implants cause sliding. Whereas compressive forces tend to maintain the integrity of a bone–implant interface, tensile and shear forces tend to distract or disrupt such an interface. Shear forces are most destructive to implants and bone compared with other load modalities. In general, compressive forces are accommodated best by the complete implant–prosthesis system. Cortical bone is strongest in compression and weakest in shear.

Atherosclerosis is due to:

 # Atherosclerosis is due to 

a. HDL receptor defect 

b. apolipoprotein E deficiency 

c. decreased LDL activity 

d. decreased lipoprotein lipase 

The correct answer is B. Apolipoprotein E deficiency.

Apolipoprotein (apo) E is recognized for its unparalleled ability to suppress atherosclerosis .The expression of apoE in the macrophage has long been recognized to suppress atherosclerosis by preventing foam cell formation in the vessel wall.

APOE was initially recognized for its importance in lipoprotein metabolism and cardiovascular disease. Defects in APOE result in familial dysbetalipoproteinemia aka type III hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP III), in which increased plasma cholesterol and triglycerides are the consequence of impaired clearance of chylomicron, VLDL and LDL.

An amalgam restoration is considered:

 # An amalgam restoration is considered _____.

A. Primary prevention

B. Secondary prevention

C. Tertiary prevention

D. Both primary and tertiary prevention

The correct answer is B. Secondary prevention.

Secondary prevention is the elimination or reduction of a disease after it occurs. An amalgam restoration is considered secondary prevention because tooth decay is removed and a restoration is placed.