Syndrome in which all patients look similar, without being genetically linked to each other is:

 # Syndrome in which all patients look similar, without being genetically linked to each other is:

A. Hereditary ectodermal dysplasia

B. Von Recklinghausen

C. Gardner syndrome

D. Rosenthal syndrome

The correct answer is A. Hereditary ectodermal dysplasia. 

Hereditary ectodermal dysplasia is a large, heterogeneous group of inherited disorders involving skin, hair, nails, eccrine glands, and teeth. It is characterized by hypohidrosis, hypodontia, onychodysplasia, and hypotrichosis. Typical facies are characterized by frontal bossing, sunken cheeks, saddle nose, thick, everted lips, wrinkled hyperpigmented skin around the eyes, and low-set ears. Other common signs are short stature, eye abnormalities, decreased flow of tears, and photophobia. Since most of the signs are common, they resemble each other. 

BDS THIRD PROFESSIONAL EXAMINATION - GENERAL MEDICINE MODEL QUESTIONS

1. A fifty-year-old man presents in the emergency ward with central chest pain. On examination, his blood pressure is 90/60 mmHg and his pulse is 106 per minute. He is pale and sweating profusely. The most likely diagnosis is: 

a) Esophagitis. 

b) Myocardial infarction. 

c) Pericarditis. 

d) Pleural effusion. 

e) Pneumothorax. 

Key: b 

Ref: Myocardial Infarction (591) Davidson's Principles and Practice of Medicine. 

2. A thirty-five-year-old man presents in a clinic with history of chronic productive cough that is worse in the morning and brought on by changes in posture. Sputum is copious and yellow. The most likely diagnosis in this patient is: 

a) Bronchial asthma. 

b) Bronchiectasis. 

c) Bronchogenic carcinoma. 

d) Chronic bronchitis. 

e) Pulmonary tuberculosis. 

Key: b 

Ref: Bronchiectasis (Page 684) Davidson's Principles and Practice of Medicine. 

3. A twenty-year-old girl is taking anti-tuberculosis treatment. She presents in eye outdoor with visual complaints. The most likely cause of her symptoms is side effect of: 

a) Isoniazid. 

b) Rifampicin. 

c) Ethambutol. 

d) Pyrazinamide. 

e) Streptomycin. 

Key: c 

Ref: Adverse Reaction of First Line Anti Tuberculosis Drugs (Page 702) Davidson's Principles and Practice of Medicine. 

For extraoral maxillary nerve block, the target area is:

 # For extraoral maxillary nerve block, the target area is:

A. Anterior to lateral pterygoid plate

B. Posterior to lateral pterygoid plate

C. Pterygomandibular fossa

D. Pterygomandibular fissure

The correct answer is A. Anterior to the lateral pterygoid plate. 

In the extraoral technique for maxillary nerve block, the needle is directed anteriorly to the lateral pterygoid plate into the pterygopalatine fossa. The midpoint of the zygomatic process is located and depression in its inferior surface is marked. The needle is inserted perpendicular to the median sagittal plane until the needle point gently contacts the lateral pterygoid plate. 

How much reduction in strength and toughness in endodontically treated molars is attributed to changes in collagen cross-linking and dehydration of dentin?

 # How much reduction in strength and toughness in endodontically treated molars is attributed to changes in collagen cross-linking and dehydration of dentin?

A. 5 %

B. 14 %

C. 21 %

D. 60 %

The correct answer is B. 14 %.

There is almost a 14 % reduction in toughness in endodontically treated molars compared with vital dentin due to changes in collagen cross-linking and dehydration of dentin. 

Ref: Cohen 10th Edition , Page 462